New Winter Quarter 2007 Course Announcement:
E110/210: Perspectives in Assistive Technology
with Professor Drew Nelson (Mechanical Engineering)
and David L. Jaffe, MS (VA Palo Alto Health Care System)
Winter Quarter, Tuesdays 4:15pm - 5:30pm
Location: Main Quad, History Corner, Lane Hall (Building 200) , Room 030 (basement)

• Welcome to the Class - Professor Drew Nelson
• Introduction to Assistive Technology - David L. Jaffe, MS
• History of Assistive Technology Projects in ME113 - Maurice LeBlanc, MSME, CP
• Project Ideas - David L. Jaffe, MS

Slides - (607 Kb)

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Engineers from the VA Palo Alto Health Care System - Rehab R&D Center:

Douglas F. Schwandt, MS

Design Challenges in Assistive Technology
Slides (3.4 Mb)

Presentation: Doug will present a couple examples of rehabilitation engineering projects he has worked on, giving some personal insight into the design process, relating experiences, and perhaps passing along some helpful guiding advice he has received over the years.

Biosketch: Doug Schwandt, began his career in Rehabilitation Engineering with a Stanford ME210 (now ME310) design project, on a student team creating the Handbike, the first arm-powered two-wheeled bicycle for lower-limb disabled. After graduation, he continued the Handbike development, and went on to design various other devices for the disabled with the Design Development team at the Palo Alto VA Rehab R&D Center, including finger-spelling hands, hyper/hypo gravity devices and specialty cycle ergometers. Over the years, Doug has also consulted on various exciting and challenging projects outside of the VA, including exercise concepts for long-term space travel, MRI compatible fixtures and mobility devices, and robots for physical therapy. No longer a VA employee, Doug continues to work as a consultant to universities and companies as a free-lance consulting design engineer, and part-time as a springboard diving coach.

Contact Information:

Doug Schwandt

doug.schwandt-at-gmail.com

dougschwandt (skype)

650/464-3578 (mobile)

Machiel Van der Loos, PhD

Focusing on the Interface of Mechatronic Devices in Rehabilitation Applications
Slides (1.3 Mb)

Presentation: "With my background is in mechanical engineering and design, I've always been drawn to the interface between the technology and its user, and realized that it is at the interface that the most interesting and tantalizing design problems are to be found. It is also where the most aggravating breakdowns tend to occur when considering the user and the technology together as one functional system. I will describe some of my rehabilitation mechatronics R&D projects of recent years and some of the clinical problems they have tackled. I will also bring into the discussion the notion of "well-being" and its importance as a design point of view for project-based ME courses in which I am involved here at Stanford."

Biosketch: H.F. Machiel Van der Loos, PhD, is co-Principal Investigator on several federally and industry funded mechatronics projects at the U.S. Dept.of Veterans Affair Palo Alto Rehabilitation R&D Center. All of these projects explore assistance and therapy applications of robotics for persons who have physical disabilities as a result of, for example, SCI and stroke. He is also Consulting Associate Professor in the Dept. of Mechanical Engineering at Stanford University, involved as Coaching Coordinator for the graduate course "Team-based Design Development with Corporate Partners" (ME310), and as design consultant on a personal robotics development Project and a healthcare haptics research project.

Contact Information:

H.F. Machiel Van der Loos, PhD

Biomedical Engineer

Rehabilitation R&D Center: Bldg. 51

VA Palo Alto Health Care System

3801 Miranda Ave., MS-153

Palo Alto, CA  94304-1200

650/493-5000 ext 6-5971 office

650/493-4919 fax

http://guide.stanford.edu

vdl-at-stanford.edu

Eric E. Sabelman, PhD

Lifting and Moving Fragile People
Slides (1.15 Mb)

Presentation: Lifting and transporting people with injuries or motion impairment is not as easy as you might think. This talk will focus on three examples: (1) helicopter and in-hospital transport of patients with acute cervical spinal cord injury, (2) lifting patients on and off beds, gurneys, and wheelchairs, and (3) measures to prevent pressure sores in patients who can't feel or move themselves. In each case, solutions that don't cause additional problems must be identified, prototypes must be designed and built, and tests must be conducted that conclusively demonstrate whether the solution is workable.

Biosketch: Eric E. Sabelman, PhD, is a biomedical engineer in the Neurosurgery Department of Kaiser Permanente Hospital in Redwood City, CA, where he is implementing technology for Deep Brain Stimulation to aid patients with Parkinsons Disease. He is also on the adjunct faculty of Santa Clara University Department of Mechanical Engineering, where he teaches a graduate course in biomaterials for medical device design. He recently retired after 20 years as a principal investigator at the VA Palo Alto Rehabilitation R&D Center, where he was responsible for peer-reviewed projects in the development of microsensor-based human body motion analysis, tactile sensors, acute spinal cord injury patient care, and tissue engineering for nerve repair and reconstructive surgery. He is also an independent consultant under the name Pro-Zooics Research. Projects for clients have been in forensic biomechanics, emergency medical equipment design, temperature measurement instrumentation, ergonomics, space biology, and industrial biotechnology. His experience includes positions as Consulting Associate Professor at Stanford University Medical School and on the research staff of Collagen Corporation, University of California-San Francisco Medical School, and NASA-Ames Research Center and Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Dr. Sabelman received his PhD degree in bioengineering from Stanford University in 1976.

David L. Jaffe, MS

A Robotic Fingerspelling Hand
Slides (191 Kb)

Presentation: The design and development of a robotic hand will be presented and demonstrated. Ralph is a computer-controlled electromechanical hand designed to be a receptive communication aid for people who are deaf and blind. In operation, the deaf/blind user feels the hand as it moves and interprets its motions as letters corresponding to the American One-Hand Manual Alphabet, a technique known as tactile fingerspelling. It offers these individuals improved access to computers and communication devices in addition to person-to-person conversations.

Biosketch: David L. Jaffe is a Research Biomedical Engineer at the VA Palo Alto Health Care System's Rehabilitation Research and Development Center. He is currently interested in designing, developing, testing, and bringing to market microcomputer-based devices for disabled people including communication, mobility, and information systems. He also assists in teaching "Smart Product Design", a graduate-level course in Mechanical Engineering at Stanford University. He holds a BS degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Michigan (Ann Arbor, MI) and a MS degree in Biomedical Engineering from Northwestern University (Evanston, IL). He has worked on projects including an innovative wheelchair interface for individuals with quadriplegia, an electro-mechanical fingerspelling hand - a communication device for people who are deaf/blind, a system that explores virtual reality techniques to train individuals with gait deficits to improve their walking, and a project that employs a computer-based simulation to assess and improve the driving ability of individuals after brain injury.

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Molly F. Story, MS - Human Spectrum Design

Universal Design and Designing for Accessibility

Presentation: Rather than design "special" equipment for "special" people, it is often more efficient and cost-effective to consciously design accessibility into mainstream products. By doing so, manufacturers can increase the size and diversity of their customer base. Products that are designed with good attention to multiple ergonomic issues can be easier to use, and suit the needs of the largest and most diverse possible group of consumers, as well. This talk will present the concept of universal design, offer a set of seven principles to follow, and show numerous examples.

Biosketch: Molly Follette Story (Stanford MS Product Design 1983) is President of Human Spectrum Design, LLC and Co-Director of the Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center on Accessible Medical Instrumentation. She is also a PhD student in the Ergonomics Program in the School of Public Health at the University of California at Berkeley. Ms. Story is an expert in universal design of products and in the accessibility and usability of medical instrumentation. She is co-editor of the recently published book, Medical Instrumentation: Accessibility and Usability Considerations(CRC Press, 2007). Ms. Story coordinated development of and helped author the Principles of Universal Design, and co-authored with James L. Mueller and the late Ronald L. Mace the book, The Universal Design File: Designing for People of All Ages and Abilities (North Carolina State University, 1998). Ms. Story is a member of HFES, AAMI, RESNA, and IDSA; she is also a member of the Human Factors Engineering Committee of AAMI, which is developing the forthcoming ANSI/AAMI HE75 standard, Human Factors Design Guidelines for Medical Devices.

Slides and handouts:

Slides - (2.3 Mb)

The Principals of Universal Design (34 Kb)

National Student Design Competitions

2006 - 2007 (177 Kb)

2006 - 2007 Poster (1.4 Mb)

2005 - 2006 (211 Kb)

2004 - 2005 (207 Kb)

Contact information:

Human Spectrum Design, LLC

3717 Deauville Place

Santa Rosa, CA  95403

707/578-6839

molly-at-humanspectrumdesign.com

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Richard Levinson, BS CS - Attention Control Systems

Assistive Technology for Cognitive Disorders

Slides (550 Kb)

PEAT Flyer handout (641 Kb)

Biosketch: Mr. Levinson is the founder and President of Attention Control Systems, Inc. and Co-Project Manager of the NIDRR-funded research project stydying the Efficacy of a Custom-fitting Cognitive Orthotic. Richard Levinson is the developer of the PEAT cognitive aid and has received three US patents for PEAT’s simulated executive functions which compensate for impaired initiation, perseveration, activity planning, execution monitoring, and error correction. Mr. Levinson developed automatic planning software at NASA for 15 years as a senior robotics researcher in the Autonomous Systems Group, and received a NASA Space Act Award for development of an autonomous control system for the Space Station. Richard Levinson began studying the neuropsychology of human planning and executive functions in order to increase independence for NASA’s autonomous robots. In 1995 he proposed a computer model of frontal lobe function based on the NASA research, and began to apply that model to help persons with brain disorders. Mr. Levinson has published peer-review articles in both computer science and neuropsychology and has pioneered an interdisciplinary approach to the study of brain function that combines those two fields. Mr. Levinson possesses a rare combination of relevant knowledge from neuropsychology and computer science, and has worked extensively with individuals with cognitive impairment.

Walter J. Greenleaf, PhD - Greenleaf Medical Systems

Moving Assistive Technology from Lab to User

Slides (1.9 Mb)

Greenleaf Medical Systems is a medical product development company and consulting group that has been successfully creating medical devices and software since 1988. The development team includes experts in business, medicine, science, device development, software development, and usability testing.

Presentation: Basic research is critically important for the evolution and development of new assistive technology. Equally important is the 'business engineering' required to get technology out of the lab and into use. Unfortunately, the market ecosystem for assistive technologies presents unique challenges that are not found in other markets; unless this is taken into account during product design and development, new assistive technology products are destined for an early death. This presentation will review some of the barriers to market entry for assistive technologies, and propose methods to overcome the constraints.

Biosketch: Walter Greenleaf is a research scientist trained in Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences. His current research, writing, and presentations focus on the use of simulation technology to improve physical medicine and neurological and cognitive rehabilitation. He is president of Greenleaf Medical (Palo Alto, CA), a company he established in 1988 just after receiving his doctoral degree. The firm focuses on developing new diagnostic and treatment technologies for medicine, and has launched several computer-based workstations for clinical evaluation and treatment. Greenleaf has expertise in medical applications of virtual reality, telemedicine technology, clinical informatics, point-of-care data collection via handheld devices, and ergonomic evaluation technology, as well as rehabilitation technologies. A scientific adviser and grant reviewer for the U.S. Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and U.S. Department of Education, he was also a founding board member of the University of California Center for Disabilities. He is a contributing editor to CyperPsychology and Behavior. Dr Greenleaf is an invited judge for the International Medical Design Excellence Awards for the Medical Device and Diagnostics Industry Association Greenleaf serves on the scientific advisory committee for the Interactive Media Institute and several other non-profit organizations. Recently he was the keynote speaker at the International Biomedical Conference in Hong Kong, the International Occupational Therapy Research Symposium, and the RESNA (Research Engineering Society of North America) meetings. Dr. Greenleaf has appeared on NextStep, The Phil Donahue Show, Beyond 2000, and CNN to talk about next-generation medical technology.

Luis Mejia - Stanford Office of Technology Licensing

Transferring Technology for a Better World

Slides (133 Kb)

The Stanford Office of Technology Licensing is responsible for managing the intellectual property assets of Stanford University.

Presentation: By any industrialized-country comparison, the volume of research conducted by US universities is immense, surpassing $29 billion annually. That research, funded mostly by US taxpayers, has helped the US retain its lead as the world’s top innovator and, in comparison to other government expenditures, has arguably provided a high yield back to the treasury and taxpayer. According to the Association of University Technology Manager’s Annual Licensing Survey, over 2,500 new products based on university-licensed technology were launched in the five year period from 1998 to 2003. Thus, while universities create new knowledge and technologies in the course of their research missions, it is ultimately up to US industry to find ways to use those research results to make commercially viable products.

Biosketch: Mr. Mejia is a Senior Associate in the Office of Technology Licensing at Stanford University. In his position at Stanford, Mr. Mejia manages a portfolio of technologies ranging from electronics to marine biology. He has negotiated over 200 licenses in his 18 years at Stanford OTL and has evaluated over 600 inventions. Mr. Mejia is a co-founder of two Stanford spin-off companies, most recently Paraform, Inc. a 3-D software modeling company which was acquired by Metris International. Mr. Mejia is an advisor for Los Alamos National Laboratory and the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute and is a Board Member of the Stanford University OTL, LLC. Mr. Mejia managed the invention known as the PageRank Algorithm which was the instrumental IP that lead to the creation of Google. Stanford subsequently realized over $300M in royalties as a result of the deal negotiated by Mr. Mejia.

Contact information:

Luis Mejia - Senior Associate

Satnford University

Office of Technology Licensing

1705 El Camino Real

Palo Alto, CA  94306-1106

650/723-0651

luis.mejia-at-stanford.edu

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Brian Higgins, BA - VA Palo Alto Health Care System - Western Blind Rehabilitation Center

Cutting Edge

Slides

The Western Blind Rehabilitation Center (WBRC) is a 32 bed residential facility located at the Palo Alto Division of the VA Palo Alto Health Care System. More than two hundred veterans, men and women of all ages, participate in the program each year. All are legally blind, but more than three quarters have useable vision for which specialized treatment is provided. Adjusting to and managing sight loss is the major objective of the program.

Biosketch: "I work as a Blind Rehab Computer Access Instructor. I teach the operation of a variety of computer screen readers to blind and visually impaired veterans. These screen readers provide audio output of the computers actions. I have a degree and background in Business Administration. I am an inventor and have been involved in robotics for the last couple of years. "

"I have started a company that is researching one of the blind community's most frustrating issues: Transportation. Blindness is stated to be one of the most devastating disabilities. When you lose transportation you become dependent on other people."

"My goal is to research and design solutions to the issues surrounding the blind riding a bike or a Segway and eventually driving a car."

Contact Information:

Brian Higgins, BA

650/906-9412

SeeNeye-at-comcast.net

Chris L. Piper, MCP and Shirley Pagador, BA - Sensory Access Foundation

Accommodations in the Workplace

Slides are forthcoming

Sensory Access Foundation's mission is to assist people who are blind or visually impaired to obtain or retain competitive employment by providing the highest quality access technology assessment, computer training, job placement and accommodation services with a goal of achieving 100% job retention.

Presentation: Sensory Access Foundation (SAF) has been in the forefront of aiding companies in making the job site accessible for blind or vision impaired employees. The range of jobs that SAF has worked with varies from stock clerks to customer service representatives to federal attorneys. In this presentation I would like to share a few of our experiences in making job accommodations. I would also like to discuss some of the difficulties that we have had with certain jobs and technologies.

Biosketch: Chris Piper is an Assistive Technology (AT) Specialist focusing on job accommodations for individuals with vision impairments. He has been working in the AT field for six years. Currently he is the Assistive Technology team leader for Sensory Access Foundation, which is a nonprofit organization in Sunnyvale, CA that has been functioning in the Bay Area for over 30 years.

Biosketch: Shirley Pagador is an Employment Specialist. She has a BA in Psychology with a minor in Social Work and has worked over 7 years in the non-profit and community service sectors. Shirley is passionate about helping individuals find competitive employment. She is currently the Bay Area Coalition of Employment Development (BACED) Secretary.

Contact Information:

Chris Piper, MCP

408/245-7330 Ext: 43

cpiper-at-sensoryaccess.com

Shirley Pagador, BA

408/245-7330 Ext: 48

spagador-at-sensoryaccess.com

Teri Adams, JD - Stanford Disability Resource Center

Creative Problem Solving: Multipurposing the "Box"

Slides

The staff at the Stanford Disability Resource Center are committed to providing Stanford students with disabilities the support and services needed to allow them the opportunity to participate in the rich and varied life of Stanford University.

Teri Adams is the Assistant Director of the Office of Accessible Education and the Student Disability Resource Center. In addition to academic accommodations for students, Teri also expedites all housing assignments and facilities requests related to disability.

Contact Information:

Teri A. Adams, JD

Stanford Office of Accessible Education

Student Disability Resource Center

563 Salvatierra Walk, 1st Floor

Stanford, CA  94305-2490

650/725-2490

650/725-5301 fax

terajean-at-stanford.edu

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Jim Fruchterman - Benetech

From Rocket Science to Assistive Technology

Presentation: How can you use your skills to directly benefit global society? Jim Fruchterman will talk about his journey from Stanford grad student to rocket scientist to tech entrepreneur to social entrepreneur, and plans on encouraging everybody in attendance on how they can make a difference.

Biosketch: A technology entrepreneur and engineer, Jim Fruchterman has been a rocket scientist, founded two of the foremost optical character recognition companies, and developed a successful line of reading machines for the blind. He is now a leading social entrepreneur through his deliberately nonprofit technology company, Benetech. Benetech concentrates on applying technology to human rights and literacy for people with disabilities. Fruchterman has won numerous awards for his work, including the 2006 MacArthur Fellowship and the Skoll Award for Social Entrepreneurship in 2004 and 2006. He was named a Schwab Social Entrepreneur of 2003, which has included attending and speaking four times at the World Economic Forums in Davos, Switzerland. Fruchterman believes that technology is the ultimate leveler, allowing disadvantaged people achieve more equality in society.

Contact Information:

The Benetech Initiative

480 S. California Ave., Suite 201

Palo Alto, CA  94306-1609

650/644-3400

650/475-1066 fax

president-at-benetech.org

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Peter W. Axelson, MS - Beneficial Designs

Beneficial Design - Designing Beyond the Norm to Meet the Needs of All People

Slides:

• Designing Beyond the Norm to Meet the Needs of All People (174 Kb)
• People Presentation (754 Kb)
• Facilities Presentation (1.2 Mb)
• Project Examples Presentation (3.2 Mb)

Presentation: Peter will talk about the difference between Universal, Adaptable, and Adaptive design. Peter was the first undergraduate using a wheelchair for mobility to live on the Stanford campus in 1976 when accessibility issues were just beginning to be addressed. Those experiences and the desire to participate in the same physical activities as every other college student who had professional and recreational interests shaped his career as a designer. Peter will share how his interests spawned the creation of Beneficial Designs, Inc to support the development of personal, activity specific and environmental technologies for people of all abilities. His experience in obtaining Small Business Innovation Research Grants to develop and functionally assess products, services and the designs of outdoor environments, has provided many opportunities for he and his staff to change the way people with impairments of all kinds are able to participate in all aspects of life activity. His company works toward universal access through research, design and education to enable persons of all abilities to participate in the physical, intellectual and spiritual aspects of life.

Biosketch: Peter Axelson is a rehabilitation engineer who sustained a spinal cord injury in a 1975 climbing accident while in the Air Force Academy. He continued his education at Stanford University, where he began applying engineering and design principles to overcome daily living hurdles faced by people with disabilities. In 1981 he founded Beneficial Designs, Inc. an engineering design firm dedicated to designing, developing, and testing assistive technologies. His accomplishments include developing the first chairlift-compatible mono-ski with a shock absorber, working to establish wheelchair testing standards, developing seating systems for wheelchairs, and creating a system to assess trails that will improve access to outdoor trails for people of all abilities.

Peter Axelson is the founder and the Director of Research and Development of Beneficial Designs and spends much of his time traveling throughout the world attending meetings and presenting his work. He's also a pilot and avid mono-skier.

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Carolynn Patten, PhD, PT - VA Palo Alto Health Care System - Rehab R&D Center

Presentation: Following central nervous system injuries, such as stroke or spinal cord injury, the majority of individuals experience severe compromise in their ability to walk. Indeed, recovery of walking function is among the most frequently articulated goals of neurorehabilitation.

A body of research from basic science has revealed the presence of spinal pattern generating networks, termed central pattern generators, that produce stepping when activated. Sensory signals from the limbs and the environment including: loading, joint position and muscle shortening velocity are able to activate the CPG in the absence of voluntary control from the brain. Contemporary research evidence confirms the presence of central pattern generating networks in man.

Activation of CPGs provides a substrate for rudimentary walking in persons following spinal cord injury and a target for refinement of walking in persons with hemiparesis following stroke. However, locomotion is a complex behavior that emerges from the interaction of three fundamental motor tasks: stepping, balance and adaptation to the environment. Beyond CPG-mediated stepping the individual with compromised neuro-motor control must learn to incorporate the balance components of walking. To be functional, locomotion requires some capacity to adapt to varied environmental conditions.

In combination, these challenges have led to a paradigm now termed 'locomotor training' which involves partial support of the subject's bodyweight with a harness while stepping on a treadmill. Body weight support contributes to balance while positioning over a treadmill allows repetitive practice and enables experimenters or therapists to assist with limb movement including optimal limb positioning to produce sensory signaling relevant to the central pattern generating circuits. This approach to rehabilitation is labor intensive: personnel often fatigue before a therapeutic effect has been induced and sufficient personnel resources are not typically available in the clinical setting.

In an effort to address these challenges, the Lokomat, a robotic gait orthosis, has been developed. An exo-skeleton gait robot, used in conjunction with the partial body weight support and treadmill aids in supporting the subject and moving the limbs in the prescribed pattern leading to extended therapeutic exposure. This technological development occurred as a result of interdisciplinary efforts of persons in basic science, medicine, rehabilitation, and biomedical engineering.

This class session will focus on the locomotor training paradigm to provide examples of interdisciplinary work conducted in the Neural Control of Movement and Neurorehabilitation Lab illustrating: effects of biomechanics on locomotor performance; task dependent adaptations in neuromotor control mechanisms during locomotion; and adaptations following clinical intervention leading to improved locomotor capacity.

Biosketch: Dr. Carolynn Patten is a Principal Investigator in the Rehabilitation R&D Center at VA Palo Alto where she directs the Neural Control of Movement and Neurorehabilitation Laboratory. She holds faculty appointments as Clinical Associate Professor in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at Stanford University Medical School and the Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences at University of California, San Francisco. Dr. Patten completed undergraduate studies in Kinesiology at the University of Washington, clinical training in Physical Therapy at Boston University, and doctoral studies at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst. She joined the RR&D Center in 1998 as a post-doctoral fellow and over time has built a translational research program linking neural control of movement, biomechanics and clinical practice in neurorehabilitation.

Her primary research focuses on better understanding neurological and biomechanical mechanisms contributing to weakness in age-related and neurological disorders, especially post-stroke hemiplegia, with the overarching goal of improving the effectiveness and efficiency of neurorehabilitation. She uses a combination of techniques from neurophysiology, clinical electrophysiology, human performance, and functional imaging to perform studies in humans. As a result, her research crosses multiple disciplines including motor control, neurophysiology, biomechanics, clinical medicine, and rehabilitation. To achieve this goal she has built a highly interdisciplinary research group involving perspectives from: human movement science, neurophysiology, biomedical engineering, biomechanics, physical therapy and various disciplines in medicine.

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Deborah E. Kenney, MS, OTR/L - VA Palo Alto Health Care System - Rehab R&D Center

Slides (999 Kb)

Description: Occupational therapists are critical players in the transdisciplinary rehabilitation team. The job of an OT is to help people, who because of illness, injury, or aging, have experienced a decrease in their ability to function independently in the areas of daily living, work, play and leisure. Treatment by an OT often includes the prescription of assistive technology. This talk will focus on the aspects necessary to effectively fit the technology to the individual and support the use of this technology in the home environment, and the impediments to providing this.

Biosketch: Deborah Kenney has been an Occupational therapist at the VA Medical Center in Palo Alto for the last 15 years working both in the clinic and at the VA Rehabilitation Research & Development Center where she has collaborated on numerous design and research projects with the engineers and graduate students. Her work has included testing and integrating technology into the rehabilitation setting in the areas of Parkinson's Disease, CVA (stroke), Spinal Cord Injury, hand therapy, and balance as related to aging. Ms. Kenney currently splits her time between her clinical work with post-stroke survivors (REACH) and the VA RR&D Center. She is also a frequent guest lecturer with the Multiple Sclerosis Society of Santa Clara.

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Presentations:

Aid for Donning an Artificial Leg

Accessible Fishing Rod

Aid for Improving Mobility around the Home for the Elderly

Rain Protection Device for Wheel Chair Users

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No class session

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Updated 03/08/2007