This is a list of target genes of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. Suggestions for additions are welcome.
updated December 2009
There are a separate lists of papers on expression profiling (micro-arrays) on Wnt targets and on target genes that are components of the Wnt pathway (feedback targets)
Direct targets are defined as those with Tcf binding sites and demonstrating that these sites are important.
| Gene | Organism/system | Direct/Indirect | up/down | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| c-myc | human colon cancer | yes | up | He 1998 |
| n-myc | mesenchyme limbs | up | Ten Berge 2008 | |
| Cyclin D | human colon cancer | yes | up |
|
| Tcf-1 | human colon cancer | yes | up | Roose 1999 |
| LEF1 | human colon cancer | yes | up | Hovanes, 2001 |
| PPARdelta | human colon cancer | yes | up | He TC, et al 1999 |
| c-jun | human colon cancer | yes | up | Mann B, 1999 |
| fra-1 | human colon cancer | yes | up | Mann B, 1999 |
| uPAR | human colon cancer | ? | up | Mann B, 1999 |
| matrix metalloproteinase MMP-7 | human colon cancer | yes | up | |
| Axin-2 | human colon cancer | yes | up | |
| Nr-CAM | human colon cancer | yes | up | Conacci-Sorrell 2002 |
| ITF-2 | human colon cancer | yes | up | Kolligs, 2002 |
| Gastrin | human colon cancer | ? | up | Koh, 2000 |
| CD44 | human colon cancer | ? | up | Wielenga 1999 |
| EphB/ephrin-B | human colon cancer | ? | up/down | Batlle, 2002 |
| BMP4 | human colon cancer | ? | up | Kim 2002 |
| claudin-1 | human colon cancer | yes | up | Miwa 2002 |
| Survivin | human colon cancer | up | Zhang, 2001 | |
| VEGF | human colon cancer | yes | up | Zhang, 2001 |
| FGF18 | human colon cancer | yes | up | Shimokawa 2003 |
| Hath1 | human colon cancer | .. | down | Leow 2004 |
| Met | human colon cancer | up | Boon 2002 | |
| endothelin-1 | human colon cancer | up | Kim 2004 | |
| c-myc binding protein | human colon cancer | yes | up | Jung 2005 |
| L1 neural adhesion | human colon cancer | up | Gavert 2005 | |
| Id2 | human colon cancer | yes | up | Rockman 2001 |
| Jagged | human colon cancer | up | Rodilla, 2009 | |
| Tiam1 | Colon tumors | Malliri 2005 | ||
| Nitric Oxide Synthase 2 | Hepg2 cells | up | Du, 2006 | |
| Dickkopf | Various cells, tumors | up | ||
| FGF9 | ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma | up | Hendrix, 2006 | |
| FGF20 | Various cells, tumors | Chamorro 2004 | ||
| LGR5/GPR49 | Intestine | yes | up | Barker, 2007 |
| Sox9 | Intestine | up | Blache 2004 | |
| Sox9 | mesenchyme | down | ||
| Sox17 | gastrointestinal tumors | up | Du, 2009 | |
| Runx2 | chondrocytes | up | Dong 2006 | |
| Gremlin | fibroblasts | up | Klapholz-Brown 2007 | |
| SALL4 | Bohm, 2006 | |||
| RANK ligand | Osteoblasts | down | Spencer 2006 | |
| CCN1/Cyr61 | Osteoblasts | up | Si, 2006 | |
| Sox2 | Xenopus retina | up | Van Raay, 2005 | |
| Pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG) | esophageal squamous cell carcinoma | Zhou 2004 | ||
| Delta-like 1 | somites | |||
| FoxN1 | thymus | ? | yes | Balciunaite 2002 |
| matrix metalloproteinase-26 | Human | Marchenko 2002 | ||
| nanog | ES | Pereira, 2006 | ||
| Oct 4 | ES | up | Cole 2008 | |
| snail | ES/EB | up | Ten Berge 2008 | |
| Fibronectin | ES/EB | up | Ten Berge 2008 | |
| Frizzled 7 | EC cells | yes | up | Willert 2002 |
| Follistatin | EC cells, ovary | yes | up | Willert 2002 |
| Wnt3a | EC cells | Zhang 2009 | ||
| Fibronectin | Mouse lung | up | De Langhe 2005 | |
| Islet1 | Cardiac cells | up | Lin 2007 | |
| MMP2, MMP9 | T cells | Wu 2007 | ||
| Siamois | Xenopus | yes | up | Brannon 1997 |
| fibronectin | Xenopus | yes | up | Gradl 1999 |
| BMP4 | Xenopus | ? | down | Baker 1999 |
| myogenic bHLH | Xenopus | ? | up | Munsterberg 1995 |
| engrailed-2 | Xenopus | yes | up | McGrew 1999 |
| Xnr3 | Xenopus | yes | up | McKendry 1997 |
| connexin43 | Xenopus, Mouse | yes | up | van der Heyden 1999 |
| twin | Xenopus | yes | up | Laurent 1997 |
| connexin 30 | Xenopus | ? | McGrew 1999 | |
| retinoic acid receptor gamma | Xenopus | ? | McGrew 1999 | |
| dharma/bozozok | Zebrafish | yes | up | Ryu 2001 |
| MITF/nacre | Zebrafish | yes | up | |
| Stra6 | Wnt-1 transformed mouse cells | ?
co-induced by Wnt plus RA |
up | Szeto 2001 |
| Wrch-1 | Wnt-1 transformed mouse cells | ?
Not through TCF |
up | Tao, 2001 |
| TNF family 41BB ligand, ephrinB1, Stra6, autotaxin and ISLR | Wnt-1 transformed mouse cells | By Wnt plus retinoic acid | up | Tice 2002 |
| Twist | Wnt1 induced mammary cancer | up | Howe, 2003 | |
| Stromelysin | Wnt-1 transformed mouse cells | up | Prieve, 2003 | |
| WISP | Wnt-1 transformed mouse cells | yes, but not through TCF (Xu, 2000) | up | |
| Brachyury | Mouse (Wnt-3A) | yes | up | |
| Proglucagon | Mouse | ? | up | Ni 2003 |
| Osteocalcin | Mouse | yes | down | Kahler 2003 |
| Cdx1 | Mouse embryo | Pilon 2007 | ||
| cyclooxygenase-2 | mouse (Wnt-1) | ? | up | |
| Irx3 and Six3 | Mouse brain | Braun 2003 | ||
| neurogenin 1 | Mouse brain | yes | up | Hirabayashi 2004 |
| SP5 | Mouse brain | yes | up | Weidinger 2005 |
| NeuroD1 | Mouse Brain | yes | up | Kuwabara 2009 |
| Nkx2.2 | Neural tube | yes | down | Lei, 2006 |
| Gbx2 | Neural Crest | yes | up | Li, 2009 |
|
3T3-L1 Preadipocytes | ? | up | Longo, 2002 |
| periostin | Mouse Wnt-3 | not through b-catenin? | down | Haertel-Wiesmann 2000 |
| Cdx1 | Mouse Wnt-3A | yes | up | Lickert 2000 |
| Cdx4 | Mouse Wnt-3A | Pilon, 2006 | ||
| Cdx4 | Zebrafish HSC | ? | up | Davidson 2003 |
| betaTrCP | independent of transcription | up | Spiegelman 2000 | |
| sFRP-2 | Mouse (Wnt-4) | ? | up | Lescher 1998 |
| Pitx2 | pituitary | yes | up | Kioussi 2002 |
| EGF receptor | Liver | up | Tan 2005 | |
| Eda (TNF-related) | Mouse hair follicle | ? | up | Laurikkala 2002 |
| E-cadherin | Mouse hair follicle | yes | down | Jamora, 2003 |
| E-cadherin | ES/EB | down | Ten Berge 2008 | |
| Keratin | Mouse hair follicle | yes | up | Dasgupta 1999 |
| movo1 | Mouse hair follicle | yes | up | Li, 2002 |
| Jagged1 | Mouse hair follicle | up | Estrach, 2006 | |
| P16ink4A | Melanocytes | yes | down | Delmas, 2007 |
| CTLA-4 | Melanomas | yes | up | Shah 2008 |
| mBTEB2 | Mouse | independent b-catenin | up | Ziemer 2001 |
| FGF4 | Mouse tooth bud | yes | up | Kratochwil 2002 |
| Interleukin8 | Endothelial cells | Masckauchan 2005 | ||
| ret | rat PC12 | ? | up | Zheng, 1996 |
| connexin43 | rat cardiomyocytes | ? | up | Ai 2000 |
| versican | vascular smooth muscle cells | yes | up | Rahmani 2005 |
| Tnfrsf19 | Somitic mesoderm | yes | up | Buttitta 2003 |
| Ubx | Drosophila | yes | up or down | Riese 1997 |
| wingless | Drosophila | ? | up or down | Yu 1998 |
| Dpp | Drosophila | yes | down | Yang, 2000 |
| Engrailed | Drosophila | ? | up | Hooper 1994 |
| Dfrizzled2 | Drosophila | ? | down | Cadigan 1998 |
| shavenbaby | Drosophila | ? | down | Payre 1999 |
| stripe | Drosophila | yes | down | Piepenburg 2000 |
| Nemo | Drosophila | up | Zeng , 2004 |