Methodology, Probability, and Measurement

With P. Paek and P. Holland. (1999) Development and analysis of a mathematics aptitude test for gifted elementary school students. School Science and Mathematics, 99, 338-347.

(1999) The plurality of science. In J. McErlean, (Ed.), Philosophies of Science: From Foundations to Contemporary Issues. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thompson Learning, pp. 476-485. Reprinted from Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association, vol. 2, 1978. University of Chicago Press, pp. 3-16.

(1999) The noninvariance of deterministic causal models. Synthese, 121, 181-198.

(1998) Review of Kevin Kelly, The logic of reliable inquiry. British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 49, 351-354.

(1997) Duncan Luce as measurement theorist. In A. A. J. Marley (Ed.), Choice, Decision, and Measurement, Essays in Honor of R. Duncan Luce. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 103-109.

(1997) Freedom and uncertainty. In H. G. Natke and Y. Ben-Haim (Eds.), Uncertainty: Models and Measures, Mathematical Research. Berlin: Academie Verlag, 69-83.

(1997) A pluralistic view of science and its uncertainties. Rivista Internazionale di Scienze Sociali, 1, 3-18.

(1996) The nature and measurement of freedom. Social Choice and Welfare, 13, 183-200.

With M. Zanotti. (1996) Foundations of Probability with Applications. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 193 pp. [book]

With M. Zanotti. (1996) Mastery learning of elementary mathematics: Theory and data. In P. Suppes and M. Zanotti, Foundations of Probability with Applications. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. 149-188.

(1996) Models (Modelli). In Enciclopedia delle Scienze Sociali, 5, 747-754.

(1995) A pluralistic view of foundations of science. Foundations of Science, 1, 9-14.

(1995) Transzendentale Prinzipien: eine Neubetrachtung der Kantschen Antinomien. Metaphysik, 11, 43-54.

(1994) Learning and projectibility. In D. Stalker (Ed.), Grue! The new riddle of induction. Chicago, IL, Open Court, 263-272.

(1994) Ernest Nagel. In Biographical Memoirs (Vol. 65) (pp. 257-272). Washington, D.C: National Academy Press.

(1994) Qualitative Theory of Subjective Probability. In G. Wright and P. Ayton (Eds.), Subjective Probability. John Wiley & Sons, 17-37.

With N. Alechina. (1994) The definability of the qualitative independence of events in terms of extended indicator functions. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 38, pp. 366-376.

(1993) Models and Methods in the Philosophy of Science: Selected essays. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 525 pp.

(1992) Axiomatic methods in science. In Marc E. Carvallo (Ed.), Nature, Cognition and System II. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 205-232.

With M. Zanotti. (1992) Qualitative axioms for random-variable representation of extensive quantities. In C. W. Savage & P. Ehrlich (Eds.), Philosophical and Foundational Issues in Measurement Theory. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 39-52.

(1991) Rules of proportion in architecture. Midwest Studies in Philosophy, 16, 352-358.

(1991) Metaphysics V: Probabilistic Metaphysics. In H. Burkhardt & B. Smith (Eds.), Handbook of Metaphysics and Ontology, Vol. 2: L-Z. Munich; Philadelphia; Vienna: Philosophia (Analytica), 546-548.

(1990) On deriving models in the social sciences. Journal of Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 14, 21-28.

With D.H. Krantz, R.D. Luce, & A. Tversky. (1990) Foundations of Measurement, Vol. III: Representation, Axiomatization, and Invariance. New York: Academic Press, 356 pp.

(1989) Review of Duncan, O.D., Notes on social measurement: Historical and critical. Journal of Official Statistics, 5, 299-311.

(1989) Philosophy and the Sciences. In W. Sieg (Ed.) Acting and Reflecting. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 3-30.

With M. Zanotti. (1989) Conditions on upper and lower probabilities to imply probabilities. Erkenntnis, 31, 323-345.

With D.H. Krantz, R.D. Luce, & A. Tversky. (1989) Foundations of Measurement, Vol. II. Geometrical, Threshold, and Probabilistic Representations. New York: Academic Press, 493 pp.

(1988) Representation theory and the analysis of structure. Philosophia Naturalis, 25, 254-

(1988) Comment: Causality, Complexity and Determinism. Statistical Science, 3, 398-403.

(1988) Advice to graduate students. In Proceedings and Addresses of The American Philosophical Association, 62, 266-268.

(1988) Empirical structures. In Erhard Scheibe (Ed.), The Role of Experience in Science, Proceedings of 1986 Conference of the Académie Internationale de Philosophie des Sciences (Bruxelles), New York: Walter de Gruyter, 23-33.

(1988) Lorenz curves for various processes: A pluralistic approach to equity. Social Choice and Welfare, 5, 89-101. Reprinted in W. Gaertner & P.K. Pattanaik (Eds.), Distributive Justice and Inequality. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 1-13.

(1988) Estudios de filosofia y metodologia de la ciencia. Alianza Universidad, S.A., Madrid, 250 pp.

(1987) Axiomatic theories. In J. Eatwell, M. Milgate, & P. Newman (Eds.), The New Palgrave: A dictionary of economics, Vol. 1. New York: Stockton Press, 163-165.

(1987) Maximizing freedom of decision: an axiomatic analysis. In G. R. Feiwel (Ed.), Arrow and the Foundations of the Economic Policy. New York: New York University Press, 243-254.

(1987) Some further remarks on propensity: Reply to Maria Carla Galavotti. Erkenntnis, 26, 369-376.

(1987) Propensity representations of probability. Erkenntnis, 26, 335-358.

(1986) Philosophy of science and public policy. In P. D. Asquith and P. Kitcher (Eds.), PSA 1984, Vol. 2. East Lansing, MI: Philosophy of Science Association, 3-13.

(1986) Comment on "The Axioms of Subjective Probability," by Peter C. Fishburn. Statistical Science, 1, 347-350.

(1986) Non-Markovian causality in the social sciences with some theorems on transitivity. Synthese, 68, 129-140. Italian translation: La causalitö non-Markoviana nelle scienze sociali con alcuni teoremi sulla transitivitö. In M. C. Galavotti & G. Gambetta (Eds.), Epistemologia ed Economia, 149-161. Bologna, Italy: Cooperativa Libraria quniversitaria Editrice Bologna, 1988.

(1985) Explaining the unpredictable. Erkenntnis, 22, 187-195.

(1984) Conflicting intuitions about causality. Midwest Studies in Philosophy, IX, 151-168.

(1984) Probabilistic Metaphysics. Oxford, England: Blackwell, 251 pp. Romanian translation: Metafizica Probabilista. Bucharest, Romania: Humanitas, 1990, 384 pp.

(1983) Procedure scientifiche e razionalitö. Nuova Civiltö delle Macchine, Autunno, Anno I(4), 30-37.

(1983) Probability and information. (Commentary/Dretske: Knowledge and the flow of information.) The Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 6, 81-82.

(1983) Arguments for randomizing. In P. D. Asquith and T. Nickles (Eds.), PSA 1982. Lansing, MI: Philosophy of Science Association, 464-475.

(1983) Heuristics and the axiomatic method. In R. Groner, M. Groner, and W. F. Bischof (Eds.), Methods of Heuristics. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 79-88.

(1983) The meaning of probability statements. Erkenntnis, 19, 397-403.

(1982) Problems of causal analysis in the social sciences. Epistemologia, 5, 239-250.

With M. Zanotti. (1982) Alcuni risultati positivi e negativi sulla esistenza di cause. Laboratorio di Science dell'Uomo 3-4, June, Uso e prospettive delle scienze umane, 219-225

(1982) Rational allocation of resources to scientific research. In L. J. Cohen, J. Los, H. Pfeiffer, and K.-P. Podewski (Eds.), Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science, VI. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 773-789.

With M. Zanotti. (1982) Necessary and sufficient qualitative axioms for conditional probability. Zur Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie verwandte Gebiete, 60, 163-169

(1981) The plurality of science. In P. Asquith & I. Hacking (Eds.), PSA 1978, Vol. 2. Lansing, MI: Philosophy of Science Association, 3-16. Reprinted in J. A. Kourany (Ed.), Scientific Knowledge: Basic issues in the philosophy of science. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1987, 317-325.

(1981) The limits of rationality. Grazer Philosophische Studien, 12/13, 85-101.

(1981) Scientific causal talk: A reply to Martin. Theory and Decision, 13, 363-380.

With M. Zanotti. (1981) When are probabilistic explanations possible? Synthese, 48, 191-199.

(1981) Logique du Probable. Paris: Flammarion, 136 pp. Italian translation by Alberto Artosi, La logica del probabile, un approccio bayesiano alla razionalitö. Bologna, Italy: Cooperativa Libraria Universitaria Editrice Bologna, 1984, 145 pp.

(1980) Probabilistic empiricism and rationality. In R. Hilpinen (Ed.), Rationality in Science. Dordrecht: Reidel, 171-190.

With J. Sachar. (1980) Estimating total-test scores from partial scores in a matrix sampling design. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 40, 687-699.

(1980) Some remarks on statistical explanations. In G. H. von Wright (Ed.), Logic and Philosophy. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 53-58.

(1979) Replies. In R. J. Bogdan (Ed.), Patrick Suppes. Dordrecht: Reidel, 207-232.

(1979) Self-profile. In R. J. Bogdan (Ed.), Patrick Suppes. Dordrecht: Reidel, 3-56.

(1979) The role of formal methods in the philosophy of science. In P. D. Asquith and H. E. Kyburg, Jr. (Eds.), Current Research in Philosophy of Science. East Lansing, MI: Philosophy of Science Association, 16-27.

(1979) El estudio de las revoluciones cientÕficas: teorÕa y metodologÕa. In La filosofÕa y las revoluciones cientÕficas: TeorÕa y praxis. México, DF: Editorial Grijalbo, S A, 295-306.

With M. Zanotti. (1977) On using random relations to generate upper and lower probabilities. Synthese, 36, 427-440.

(1977) Some remarks about complexity. In PSA, Vol. 2. Philosophy of Science Association, 543-547.

(1977) The distributive justice of income inequality. Erkenntnis, 11, 233-250. Reprinted in H. W. Gottinger & W. Leinfellner (Eds.), Decision Theory and Social Ethics. Dordrecht: Reidel, 1977, 303-320.

With M. Zanotti. (1976) Necessary and sufficient conditions for existence of a unique measure strictly agreeing with a qualitative probability ordering. Journal of Philosophical Logic, 5, 431-438.

(1976) Archimedes's anticipation of conjoint measurement. In Role and Importance of Logic and Methodology of Science in the Study of the History of Science. Colloquium presented at the XIII International Congress of the History of Science, Moscow, 1971. Moscow: Nauka.

(1976) Testing theories and the foundations of statistics. In W. L. Harper & C. A. Hooker (Eds.), Foundations of Probability Theory, Statistical Inference, and Statistical Theories of Science, Vol. 2. Dordrecht: Reidel, 437-455.

(1975) Approximate probability and expectation of gambles. Erkenntnis, 9, 153-161.

(1975) A probabilistic analysis of causality. In H. M. Blalock, A. Aganbegian, F. M. Borodkin, R. Boudon, & V. Capecchi (Eds.), Quantitative Sociology. New York: Academic Press, 49-77.

(1974) The axiomatic method in the empirical sciences. In L. Henkin et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Tarski Symposium, Proceedings of Symposia in Pure Mathematics, 25. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society, 465-479.

(1974) The essential but implicit role of modal concepts in science. In K. F. Schaffner & R. S. Cohen (Eds.), PSA 1972. Dordrecht: Reidel, 305-314.

With R. D. Luce. (1974) Theory of Measurement. In Encyclopaedia Britannica, Vol.11, 15th edition, 739-745.

(1974) The structure of theories and the analysis of data. In F. Suppe (Ed.), The Structure of Scientific Theories, 2nd ed. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 266-283. (Originally published, 1974.) Spanish translation: La estructura de las teorÕas y el anàlisis de datos. In F. Suppe (Ed.), La estructura de las teorÕas cientÕficas, translated by P. Castrillo & E. Rada. Madrid: Editorial Nacional, 1979.

(1974) The measurement of belief. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society (Series B), 36, 160-191.

(1973) The concept of obligation in the context of decision theory. In J. Leach, R. Butts, & G. Pearce (Eds.), Science, Decision and Value. Proceedings of the Fifth University of Western Ontario Philosophy Colloquium, 1969. Dordrecht: Reidel, 1-14.

(1973) New foundations of objective probability: Axioms for propensities. In P. Suppes, L. Henkin, G. C. Moisil, & A. Joja (Eds.), Logic, methodology, and philosophy of science IV: Proceedings of the Fourth International Congress for Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science, Bucharest, 1971. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 515-529.

(1972) Measurement: Problems of theory and application. In Mathematics in the Social Sciences in Australia. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 613-622.

(1972) On the problems of using mathematics in the development of the social sciences. In Mathematics in the Social Sciences in Australia. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 3-15.

(1972) Veroyatnostnaya teoria prichinosti. Voprosi Filosofi, 4, 90-102.

(1972) Finite equal-interval measurement structures. Theoria, 38, 45-63.

With D. H. Krantz, R. D. Luce, & A. Tversky. (1971) Foundations of Measurement, Vol. I: Additive and Polynomial Representations. New York: Academic Press, 577 pp.

(1970) A Probabilistic Theory of Causality. Acta Philosophica Fennica, 24. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 130 pp.

(1969) Studies in the Methodology and Foundations of Science: Selected papers from 1951 to 1969. Dordrecht: Reidel, 473 pp.

(1968) Information processing and choice behavior. In I. Lakatos & A. Musgrave (Eds.), Problems in the Philosophy of Science. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 278-299.

(1968) The desirability of formalization in science. Journal of Philosophy, 65, 651-664. Romanian translation: Dezirabilitatea formalizarii in stiinta. In I. Pärvu (Ed.), Epistemologie: Orientari contemporane. Bucharest: Editura Politica, 1974, 268-283. German translation: In M. Balzer & W. Heidelberger (Eds.), Zur Logik empirischer Theorien. Berlin & New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1983, 24-39.

(1967) What is a scientific theory? In S. Morgenbesser (Ed.), Philosophy of Science Today. New York: Basic Books, 55-67.

(1967) Decision theory. In Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Vol. 2. New York: Macmillan and Free Press, 310-314.

(1966) Some formal models of grading principles. Synthese, 16, 284-306.

(1966) A Bayesian approach to the paradoxes of confirmation. In J. Hintikka & P. Suppes (Eds.), Aspects of Inductive Logic. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 198-207.

(1966) Probabilistic inference and the concept of total evidence. In J. Hintikka & P. Suppes (Eds.), Aspects of Inductive Logic, Amsterdam: North-Holland, 49-65. Rumanian translation in Gh. Enescu & C. Popa (Eds.), Logicas, tiint, ei, Editura Politica, 1970, 288-309.

(1966) Concept formation and Bayesian decisions. In J. Hintikka & P. Suppes (Eds.), Aspects of Inductive Logic. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 21-48.

With R. D. Luce. (1965) Preference, utility and subjective probability. In R. D. Luce, R. R. Bush, & E. H. Galanter (Eds.), Handbook of Mathematical Psychology, Vol. 3. New York: Wiley, 249-410.

With J. L. Zinnes. (1963) Basic measurement theory. In R. D. Luce, R. R. Bush, & E. H. Galanter (Eds.), Handbook of Mathematical Psychology, Vol. 1. New York: Wiley, 3-76. Russian translation: Psychologicheski izmerenia. In L. D. Meshalki (Ed.), Matematica. Moscow: Mir, 1967.

(1962) Recent developments in utility theory. Recent Advancements in Game Theory, Princeton University Conference, 61-72.

(1962) Models of data. In E. Nagel, P. Suppes, & A. Tarski (Eds.), Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science: Proceedings of the 1960 International Congress. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 252-261. Czechoslovakian translation: Modely dat. In K. Berka & L. Tondl (Eds.), Teorie modelu a modelovani. Dordrecht: Reidel, 1967, 223-235. German translation: Modelle von Daten. In M. Balzer & W. Heidelberger (Eds.), Zur Logik empirischer Theorien. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1983, 191-204.

(1961) The philosophical relevance of decision theory. Journal of Philosophy, 58, 605-614.

(1961) Behavioristic foundations of utility. Econometrica, 29, 186-202.

With J. Lamperti. (1960) Some asymptotic properties of Luce's beta learning model. Psychometrika, 25, 233-241

(1960) Some open problems in the foundations of subjective probability. In R. E. Machol (Ed.), Information and Decision Processes. New York: McGraw-Hill, 162-169.

(1959) Measurement, empirical meaningfulness and three-valued logic. In C. W. Churchman & P. Ratoosh (Eds.), Measurement: Definitions and theories. New York: Wiley, 129-143.

With J. Lamperti. (1959) Chains of infinite order and their application to learning theory. Pacific Journal of Mathematics, 9, 739-754.

With K. Walsh. (1959) A non-linear model for the experimental measurement of utility. Behavioral Science, 4, 204-211.

With H. L. Royden & K. Walsh. (1959) A model for the experimental measurement of the utility of gambling. Behavioral Science, 4, 11-18.

With D. Scott. (1958) Foundational aspects of theories of measurement. Journal of Symbolic Logic, 23, 113-128

With D. Davidson & S. Siegel. (1957) Decision Making: An experimental approach. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 121 pp. Reprinted as Midway Reprint, 1977, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

With D. Davidson. (1956) A finitistic axiomatization of subjective probability and utility. Econometrica, 24, 264-275

(1956) The role of subjective probability and utility in decision-making. Proceedings of the Third Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability, 1954-1955, 5, 61-73.

(1956) Nelson Goodman on the concept of logical simplicity. Philosophy of Science, 23, 153-159.

With M. Winet. (1955) An axiomatization of utility based on the notion of utility differences. Journal of Management Science, 1, 259-270. Reprinted in A. F. Veinott, Jr. (Ed.), Mathematical Studies in Management Science. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1965, 284-295.

With H. Rubin. (1955) A note on two-place predicates and fitting sequences of measure functions. Journal of Symbolic Logic, 20, 121-122.

With D. Davidson & J. C. C. McKinsey. (1955) Outlines of a formal theory of value, I. Philosophy of Science, 22, 140-160.

(1954) Some remarks on problems and methods in the philosophy of science. Philosophy of Science, 21, 242-248.

(1951) A set of independent axioms for extensive quantities. Portugaliae Mathematica, 10, 163-172.