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In preparation

  1. P. B. Catrysse and S. Fan, "Nano-patterned metallic films for use as transparent conductive electrodes in optoelectronic devices"
  2. Y. Huo, C. C. Fesenmaier, and P. B. Catrysse, "Microlens performance limits in sub-2μm pixel CMOS image sensors"

2009

  1. L. Verslegers, P. B. Catrysse, Z. Yu, W. Shin, Z. C. Ruan, and S. Fan, "Phase front design with metallic pillar arrays" (Under review)
  2. P. B. Catrysse, L. Verslegers, Z. Yu, J. S. White, E. S. Barnard, M. L. Brongersma, and S. Fan, "Planar lenses based on nanoscale slit arrays in a metallic film," in Optics in 2009 issue of Optics and Photonics News 20, 24, 2009.
  3. L. Verslegers, P. B. Catrysse, Z. Yu, and S. Fan, "Planar metallic nanoscale slit lenses for angle compensation," Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 071112, 2009.
  4. L. Verslegers, P. B. Catrysse, Z. Yu, and S. Fan, "Deep-subwavelength focusing and steering of light in an aperiodic metallic waveguide array," Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 033902, 2009.
  5. P. B. Catrysse and S. Fan, "Understanding the dispersion of coaxial plasmonic structures through a connection with the planar metal-insulator-metal geometry," Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 231111, 2009.
  6. L. Verslegers*, P. B. Catrysse,* Z. Yu, J. S. White, E. S. Barnard, M. L. Brongersma, and S. Fan, "Planar lenses based on nanoscale slit arrays in a metallic film," Nano Lett. 9, 235, 2009. (ISI Cited 7 times)
    (* Both authors contributed equally to this work and should be considered joint first) (Featured as Research Highlight in Nature Photonics, Feb 2009)

2008

  1. C. C. Fesenmaier, Y. Huo, and P. B. Catrysse, "Optical confinement methods for continued scaling of CMOS image sensor pixels," Opt. Express 16, 20457, 2008.
    (Featured as World News in Laser Focus World, February 2009)
  2. R. Dinyari, S.-B. Rim, K. Huang, P. B. Catrysse, and P. Peumans, "Curving monolithic silicon for non-planar focal plane array applications," Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 091114, 2008. (ISI Cited 6 times)
    (Featured in Photonics Spectra, May 2008 and Laser Focus World, June 2008)
  3. S.-B. Rim, P. B. Catrysse, R. Dinyari, K. Huang and P. Peumans, "The optical advantages of curved focal plane arrays," Opt. Express 16, 4965, 2008.
    (Featured in Photonics Spectra, May 2008 and Laser Focus World, June 2008)
  4. (Invited) P. B. Catrysse and S. Fan, "Propagating plasmonic modes in nano-scale apertures and its implications for extra-ordinary transmission," J. Nanophoton. 2, 021790, 2008. [pdf]
    Abstract: We study the interaction of different pathways by which extra-ordinary transmission through nano-scale aperture arrays arises. We provide a complete physical picture that incorporates both propagating plasmonic and surface plasmon modes. It unifies all previously reported mechanisms within a comprehensive framework based on the analysis of their dispersion relations. We show that the transmission behavior is qualitatively different depending on the number of transmission pathways present in the regime of operation. If only one pathway is present, it can give rise to extra-ordinary transmission. However, when multiple pathways are present simultaneously, their interplay must be studied in order to understand the rich and complex transmission behavior. We further demonstrate that the frequency range of these pathways can be controlled by varying the structures and, in particular, by coating the surface of the film or by filling the holes with a dielectric with a different refractive index.

2007

  1. (Invited) P. B. Catrysse, "Beaming light into the nanoworld," Nature Physics 3, 839, 2007. [pdf]
  2. P. B. Catrysse and S. Fan, "Enlarging the bandwidth of nano-scale propagating plasmonic modes in deep-subwavelength cylindrical holes," Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 181118, 2007. [pdf]
    Abstract: Subwavelength cylindrical holes in optically thick metallic films always support a propagating HE11 mode near the surface plasmon frequency, regardless of how small the holes are. For holes filled with a uniform dielectric material, the bandwidth of the HE11 mode asymptotically approaches zero as the hole size is reduced to deep-subwavelength scales. We show that it is possible to create nanoscale propagating plasmonic modes with a very large bandwidth in holes that are concentrically filled with two different dielectric materials, even when the hole radius goes to zero. [pdf]
  3. P. B. Catrysse and S. Fan, "Near-complete transmission through subwavelength hole arrays in phonon-polaritonic thin films," Phys. Rev. B 75, 075422, 2007. (ISI Cited 7 times) [pdf]
    Abstract: We report that phonon-polaritonic thin films with a periodic array of subwavelength holes allow near-complete transmission in the polariton gap where a homogeneous film completely suppresses transmission. We find that both propagating modes inside the subwavelength holes and surface resonances on the film interfaces play a crucial role in the transmission behavior. In the frequency range where both occur simultaneously, they interfere destructively and completely suppress transmission. When both mechanisms are spectrally separated, each individually results in enhanced transmission. [pdf]
    (Selected for Virtual Journal of Nanoscale Science and Technology 15, Issue 11, 2007)

2006

  1. P. B. Catrysse, J.-T. Shen, G. Veronis, H. Shin, and S. Fan, "Metallic metamaterials with a high index of refraction," Optics and Photonics News 17, 34, 2006. [pdf]
  2. (Invited) J. Shin, J.-T. Shen, P. B. Catrysse, and S. Fan, "Cut-through metal slit array as an anisotropic metamaterial film," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 12, 1116, 2006. [pdf]
    Abstract: It has been shown that a metal film with a onedimensional array of subwavelength cut-through slits can be accurately modeled as an anisotropic and uniform metamaterial film with nondispersive electric permittivity [ε] and magnetic permeability [μ] tensors. This model has an interesting scaling property: The values for the thickness L can be chosen at arbitrarily, provided that [ε] and [μ] are scaled accordingly. The analytical expressions of the corrections due to near fields have also been given. This framework provides an intuitive and precise model for the understanding of the metal slit arrays in the subwavelength regime. [pdf]
  3. P. B. Catrysse, G. Veronis, H. Shin, J.-T. Shen, and S. Fan, "Guided modes supported by plasmonic films with a periodic arrangement of sub-wavelength slits," Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 31101, 2006. [pdf]
    Abstract: We calculate the guided band diagram of a metallic film with a one-dimensional periodic arrangement of cut-through subwavelength slits. We find that this system supports two distinct types of guided modes propagating in a direction perpendicular to the slits when the metal obeys a plasmonic dispersion model. The first type is a well-known surface mode. The second type results from the presence of a subwavelength electromagnetic resonance inside the slits and closely resembles waveguide modes in a dielectric slab. We refer to them as effective dielectric slab modes. We show how the behavior of both modes is affected by film thickness and surface properties. [pdf]

2005

  1. P. B. Catrysse, H. Shin, and S. Fan, "Propagating modes in subwavelength cylindrical holes," J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 23, 2675, 2005. (ISI Cited 10 times) [pdf]
    Abstract: We analyze subwavelength cylindrical holes in an optically thick metallic film with the metal described by a plasmonic model. We emphasize that such holes always support propagating modes near the surface plasmon frequency, regardless of how small the holes are. Based on this analysis, we design both single holes and hole arrays in which propagating modes play a dominant role in the transport properties of incident light. These structures exhibit a region of operation that to the best of our knowledge has not been probed yet experimentally, while featuring a high packing density and diffraction-less behavior. [pdf]
  2. H. Shin, P. B. Catrysse, and S. Fan, "The effect of propagating modes on the transmission properties of subwavelength cylindrical holes," Phys. Rev. B 72, 85436, 2005. (ISI Cited 35 times)
  3. J.-T. Shen, P. B. Catrysse, and S. Fan, "Mechanism for designing metallic metamaterials with a high index of refraction," Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 197401, 2005. (ISI Cited 50 times) [pdf]
    Abstract: We introduce a mechanism for creating artificial high-refractive index metamaterials by exploiting the existence of subwavelength propagating modes in metallic systems. As an example, we investigate analytically and numerically metal films with a periodic arrangement of cut-through slits. Because of the presence of TEM modes in the slits, for TM polarization such a system can be rigorously mapped into a high refractive index dielectric slab when the features are smaller than the wavelength of light. The effective refractive index is entirely controlled by the geometry of the metal films, is positive, frequency independent, and can be made arbitrarily large. [pdf]

2004

  1. R. Zia, M. D. Selker, P. B. Catrysse, and M. L. Brongersma, "Geometries and materials for subwavelength surface plasmon modes," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 21, 2442, 2004. (ISI Cited 119 times) [pdf]
    Abstract: Plasmonic waveguides can guide light along metal–dielectric interfaces with propagating wave vectors of greater magnitude than are available in free space and hence with propagating wavelengths shorter than those in vacuum. This is a necessary, rather than sufficient, condition for subwavelength confinement of the optical mode. By use of the reflection pole method, the two-dimensional modal solutions for single planar waveguides as well as adjacent waveguide systems are solved. We demonstrate that, to achieve subwavelength pitches, a metal–insulator–metal geometry is required with higher confinement factors and smaller spatial extent than conventional insulator–metal–insulator structures. The resulting trade-off between propagation and confinement for surface plasmons is discussed, and optimization by materials selection is described. [pdf]
    (Selected for Virtual Journal of Ultrafast Science 4, Issue 1, 2005)
  2. P. B. Catrysse, W. Suh, S. Fan, and M. Peeters, "One-mode model for patterned metal layers inside integrated color pixels," Opt. Lett. 29, 974, 2004. [pdf]
    Abstract: Optimized design of the optical filters inside integrated color pixels (ICPs) for complementary metal-oxide semiconductor image sensors requires analytical models. ICP optical filters consist of subwavelength patterned metal layers. We show that a one-mode model, in which subwavelength gaps in the metal layer are described in terms of single-mode waveguides, suffices to predict the salient features of measured ICP wavelength selectivity. The Airy-like transmittance formula, derived for transverse-electric polarization, predicts an angle-independent cutoff wavelength, which is in good agreement with predictions made with a two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method. [pdf]

2003

  1. P. B. Catrysse and B. A. Wandell, "Integrated color pixels in 0.18-µm complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 22, 2293, 2003. (ISI Cited 11 times) [pdf]
    Abstract: Following the trend of increased integration in complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors, we have explored the potential of implementing light filters by using patterned metal layers placed on top of each pixel’s photodetector. To demonstrate wavelength selectivity, we designed and prototyped integrated color pixels in a standard 0.18-μm CMOS technology. Transmittance of several one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) patterned metal layers was measured under various illumination conditions and found to exhibit wavelength selectivity in the visible range. We performed (a) wave optics simulations to predict the spectral responsivity of an uncovered reference pixel and (b) numerical electromagnetic simulations with a 2D finite-difference time-domain method to predict transmittances through 1D patterned metal layers. We found good agreement in both cases. Finally, we used simulations to predict the transmittance for more elaborate designs. [pdf]
  2. L. Hesselink, D. Rizal, E. Bjornson, S. Paik, R. Batra, P. B. Catrysse, D. Savage, and A. Wong, "Stanford CyberLab: Internet Assisted Laboratories," Int. J. Dist. Ed. Technol. 1, 22, 2003.

2002

  1. P. B. Catrysse and B. A. Wandell, "Optical Efficiency of Image Sensor Pixels," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 19, 1610, 2002. (ISI Cited 30 times) [pdf]
    Abstract: The ability to reproduce a high-quality image depends strongly on the image sensor light sensitivity. This sensitivity depends, in turn, on the materials, the circuitry, and the optical properties of the pixel. We calculate the optical efficiency of a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor pixel by using a geometrical-optics phase-space approach. We compare the theoretical predictions with measurements made by using a CMOS digital pixel sensor, and we find them to be in agreement within 3%. Finally, we show how to use these optical efficiency calculations to trade off image sensor pixel sensitivity and functionality as CMOS process technology scales. [pdf]
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