Ethics in Economics references - August 2000

I have used Economic Analysis and Moral Philosophy, by Dan Hausman and Michael McPherson as a text for fourth year students in an Economics and Ethics course. While it is an excellent book, it is very closely argued and requires a good working knowledge of micro theory and analytic philosophy, so it doesn't always work with undergrads (a number of students come away saying that the ethics course was where they really learned micro theory because we explore its assumptions so thoroughly).

The "shocking memo" with which Hausman and McPherson open their book makes a great assignment for the beginning of the course. The students are forced to articulate their moral values in connection to economic analysis.

I expand upon the book with various recent articles in ethics and economics, similar to those already mentioned.

Ross Emmett
Augustana University College


There are folks on the tch-econ list who will probably cringe at the mention of Henry George and his "Progress and Poverty," but it is a seminal piece. The work of modern Georgists, such as Mason Gaffney, Nic Tideman, Ed Clarke (inventor of the demand revealing process) should at least be addressed. They ask questions such as "what do we have a moral right to own, to make decisions about?" They are concerned with equity not just across one country, but internationally and intergenerationally.

This is a question that was addressed by Locke in his Second Treatise. Here are some references I used in a paper on the justice of mineral taxation:

Arneson, Richard J. (1991). Lockean Self-Ownership: Towards a
Demolition, Politial Studies, 39:36-54.

Locke, John (1960). Two Treatises of Government, (Cambridge
Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press) Second Treatise,
section 27.

Nozick, Robert (1974). Anarchy, State, and Utopia, (New York:
Basic Books, Inc., Publishers).

Paine, Thomas (1969). "Agrarian Justice," in Moncure Daniel Conway
ed. The Writings of Thomas Paine, vol. III (New York: Burt
Franklin) pp. 322-344.

Rawls, John (1971). A Theory of Justice, (Cambridge,
Massachusetts: The Belknap Press Of Harvard University
Press).

Rothbard, Murray (1982). The Ethics of Liberty, (Atlantic
Highlands, New Jersey: Humanities Press) pp. 56-57.

Tideman, T. Nicolaus (1991). Commons and Commonwealths: The
Justification of Territorial Claims, in Robert Andelson, ed. Commons
Without Tragedy: Protecting the Environment from
Overpopulation--A New Approach (Savage, Maryland: Barnes &
Noble).

Try the Earth Rights Institute Homepage to see what Tideman and Gaffney
are doing which can be found at:

http://www.earthrights.net/index.html

Tideman's homepage can be found at:
http://www.econ.vt.edu/tideman/index.html

Gaffney is at UC-Riverside and would probably be very helpful in making suggestions from a Georgist perspective.

On Tideman's homepage look at both his published and unpublished work as well as his class on economic justice.

My own artcle with Tideman, An Instrumental-variables Approach to Income Redistribution, Public Choice 52 (1987), looks at fairness and voting on the distribution of income.
I have another paper on fairness and voting, Special Versus General Elections and Composition of the Voters: Evidence from Louisiana School Tax Referenda, with Gary M. Pecquet and Steven T. Yen (lead article). Public Finance Quarterly 24:131-47 (1996), which looks at the anti-democratic method of holding special elections to manipulate the outcome of an election to increase public spending.
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While I would not think that one would take only a Georgist perspective exlusively into class, it is an interesting one to look at that some good economists have worked since George.

Hayek's Road to Serfdom is also worth looking at.

I hope others are giving you some ideas from other perspectives.

I hope this is helpful and from a different perspective than what you have gotten so far.

Morris Coats
Nicholls State University
www.geocities.com/rmcoats


Two ideas:

_Meritocary and Economic Inequality_ edited by Arrow, Bowles and Durlauf includes several provocative articles.

Also, my students love to debate the premise in: "Would you save a child?" _New York Times Magazine_ by Peter Singer Sept. 5, 1999. He asks readers if they would spend $200 to save the life of a child and provides toll-free Oxfam and Unicef phone numbers. Later in the article he writes, "I trust that many readers will reach for the phone...now that you have distinguished yourself morally…"

Mark H. Maier
Department of Economics
Glendale College
Glendale, CA 91208

818-240-1000 Ext. 5468
email: mmaier@glendale.cc.ca.us
fax: 818-549-9436


"Created Equal" by Milton and Rose Friedman. This is the title of a chapter in Free to Choose and also the title of one of the TV programs that accompanied the book. I believe the video can still be purchased. I have found that showing the video stimulates good class discussions.

The ideas of John Rawls and Robert Nozick are always valuable. Unfortunately I don't have specific references to give you. The stuff they have written is fairly heavy going. It may be better to use a text by someone who has written about them. I would suggest a chapter in Robert Frank's Choosing the Right Pond. He does an excellent job of both explaining and critiquing their ideas.

Robert Rycroft
Mary Washington College


Two things immediately come to mind, both by the late Kenneth
Boulding. Take a look at his "Economics as a Science" (McGraw-Hill, 1970), especially the chapter called "Economics as a Moral Science." Then see "Beyond Economics: Essays on Society, Religion and Ethics," (University of Michigan Press, 1968 or 1970). My paperback copy of the latter shows a whopping price of $2.95.

Byron W. Brown
Coordinator of Instructional Technology Support,
Office of Libraries, Computing and Technology,
& Professor of Economics

Mail to: Telephone:
(517)355-2364
Department of Economics Fax: (517)432-1068
Michigan State University e-mail: brownb@msu.edu
East Lansing, MI 48824 WWW: http://www.msu.edu/~brownb


As a start might I suggest:
Carter and Irons, "Are Economists Different and if So, Why?" JPE, 5 (2), 1991, pp. 171-177.
Frank, Gilovich, and Regan, "Does Studying Economics Inhibit Cooperation?" JEP, 7 (2), 1993, 159-171.
Frank, Gilovich, and Regan, "Do Economists Make Bad Citizens?" JEP, 10 (1), 1996, pp. 187-192.
Hoass and Wilcox, "The Academic Coverage of Business Ethics: Does Economics Measure Up?" AJES, 54 (3), 1995, pp.
289-303
Nelson, "The Market Ethic: Moral Dilemmas and Microeconomics." JBE, 11 (4), 1992, pp. 317-320.
Yetzer, Goldfarb, and Poppen, "Does Studying Economics Discourage Cooperation? Watch What We Do Not What We Say or How We Play." JEP, 10 (1), 1996, pp. 177-186.
cheers,
David J. Hoaas
Centenary College


Much of my research focuses on the subject of ethics and economics. I have a piece in the Journal of Economic Perspectives called "Ethics and the Invisible Hand" (Vol.7, #2, Spring 1993, pp. 197-205) that you might find helpful. Also a piece in the Scottish Journal of Political Economy called "The Role of Community Values in Modern Liberal Economic Thought" (Vol. 39, #1, Feb. 1992) may be useful.
Jerry Evensky

Jerry Evensky
Department of Economics
Meredith Professor for Teaching Excellence
Syracuse University
Syracuse, NY 13244
315.443.3843


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