The Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística provides extensive survey data on Brasil, including economic indicators and population. An interactive map allows for online access. Downloads are available through their file server. Data on the municipial level can be accessed here.

The Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (Institute for Applied Economic Research) offers regional and macroeconomic data (if link does not work look for ipeadata link off the home page).

Finally, the company Empresa Paulista de Planejamento Metropolitano SA (Emplasa), offers cartographic material for São Paulo. Here is a link to download extensive pdf reports with maps on its 39 municipalities.