(Pre)publications

Publically Available Data

• Joan Bresnan, Anette Rosenbach, Benedikt Szmrecsányi, Sali A. Tagliamonte, and Simon Todd. 2017. "Syntactic alternations data: datives and genitives in four varieties of English." Downloadable datasets and documentation for the genitive and dative alternations in four spoken varieties of English (American, British, Canadian, and New Zealand), available from the Stanford Digital Repository.

Writings

• Joan Bresnan. 2023. Why lexical syntax? Evidence from English object pronoun enclitics. In Proceedings of LFG23, July 2023. Appendix showing models used in creating Figure 8.

• Joan Bresnan. 2021. A hybrid model of auxiliary contraction: Evidence in children's speech. In Proceedings of LFG21, July 2021.

• Joan Bresnan. 2021. Formal grammar, usage probabilities, and auxiliary contraction. Language 97.1: 108-150.

• Szmrecsányi, B., Grafmiller, J., Bresnan, J., Rosenbach, A., Tagliamonte, S., & Todd, S. 2017. Spoken syntax in a comparative perspective: The dative and genitive alternation in varieties of English. Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics, 2(1), 86. DOI: http://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.310
  

• Joan Bresnan. 2016. "Linguistics: The Garden and the Bush." Write-up of ACL Lifetime Achievement Award acceptance speech for 2016; in Computational Linguistics 42(4):599-617. The MIT Press.
  Errata.

• Antal van den Bosch and Joan Bresnan. 2015. "Modeling Dative Alternations of Individual Children." In Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on Cognitive Aspects of Computational Language Learning, 103--112, Lisbon, Portugal, September 18, 2015. Association for Computational Linguistics.
  

• Joan Bresnan, Ash Asudeh, Ida Toivonen, and Stephen Wechsler. 2015. Lexical-Functional Syntax, 2nd edition. Wiley-Blackwell.
  

• Marilyn Ford and Joan Bresnan. 2015. "Generating data as a proxy for unavailable corpus data: the contextualized sentence completion task.." Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory 11(1): 187-224.
  

• Stephanie Shih, Jason Grafmiller, Richard Futrell, and Joan Bresnan. 2015. "Rhythm's Role in Genitive Construction Choice in Spoken English." In Rhythm in Cognition and Grammar, edited by Ralf Vogel and Ruben van de Vijver, in the series Trends in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs (TiLSM), Mouton, 207-234.
  

• Benedikt Szmrecsányi, Anette Rosenbach, Joan Bresnan, and Christoph Wolk. 2014. "Culturally conditioned language change? A multi-variate analysis of genitive constructions in ARCHER." In Late Modern English Syntax, edited by Marianne Hundt, Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, pp. 133-152.
  

• Christoph Wolk, Joan Bresnan, Anette Rosenbach, and Benedikt Szmrecsányi. 2013. "Dative and genitive variability in Late Modern English: Exploring cross-constructional variation and change." Diachronica 30(3): 382-419.
  

• Marilyn Ford and Joan Bresnan. 2013. "Studying syntactic variation using convergent evidence from psycholinguistics and usage." In Research Methods in Language Variation and Change, edited by Manfred Krug and Julia Schlüter. Cambridge University Press, 295-312.
  

• Marilyn Ford and Joan Bresnan. 2013. "`They whispered me the answer' in Australia and the US: A comparative experimental study." In From Quirky Case to Representing Space: Papers in Honor of Annie Zaenen, edited by Tracy Holloway King and Valeria de Paiva. Stanford: CSLI Publications, pp. 95-107.

• Victor Kuperman and Joan Bresnan. 2012. "The effects of construction probability on word durations during spontaneous incremental sentence production." Journal of Memory & Language 66: 588-611.
  

• Marie-Catherine de Marneffe, Scott Grimm, Inbal Arnon, Susannah Kirby, and Joan Bresnan. 2012. "A statistical model of the grammatical choices in child production of dative sentences." Language and Cognitive Processes 27(1): 25-61. View the published article.
  

• Joan Bresnan. 2011. "Linguistic Uncertainty and the Knowledge of Knowledge.: Thinking Reed. Centenial Essays by Graduates of Reed College}, edited by Roger Porter and Robert Reynolds, Reed College, Portland, Oregon, pp. 69--75. (Original title differs from published.)
  

• Tyler Kendall, Joan Bresnan, and Gerard Van Herk. 2011. "The Dative Alternation in African American English: Researching Syntactic Variation and Change across Sociolinguistic Datasets." Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory. 7(2): 229-244
  

• Joan Bresnan and Marilyn Ford. 2010. "Predicting Syntax: Processing Dative Constructions in American and Australian Varieties of English." Language 86(1): 186--213.
  

• Harry Tily, Susanne Gahl, Inbal Arnon, Neal Snider, Anubha Kothari, and Joan Bresnan. 2009. "Syntactic Probabilities Affect Pronunciation Variation in Spontaneous Speech." Language and Cognition 1(2): 147--165.
  

• Joan Bresnan and Tatiana Nikitina. 2009. "The Gradience of the Dative Alternation." In Reality Exploration and Discovery: Pattern Interaction in Language and Life, edited by Linda Uyechi and Lian Hee Wee, 161--184. Stanford: CSLI Publications; Pdf. A shortened, substantially revised version of Bresnan and Nikitina 2003.

• Rachel Nordlinger and Joan Bresnan. 2009. "Lexical-Functional Grammar: Relations between Morphology and Syntax", in Kersti Börjars and Robert Borsley (eds.), Nontransformational Syntax, Blackwell, Oxford.

• Sarah Roberts and Joan Bresnan. 2008. "Retained Inflectional Morphology in Pidgins: A Typological Study." Linguistic Typology 12(2): 269–302. 
  

• Joan Bresnan and Jennifer Hay. 2008. “Gradient Grammar: An Effect of Animacy on the Syntax of give in New Zealand and American English.” Lingua 118(2): 245–59. 
  

• Devyani Sharma, Joan Bresnan, and Ashwini Deo. 2008.  “Variation and Change in the Individual: Evidence from the Survey of English Dialects.” In Language in Flux: Dialogue Coordination, Language Variation, Change and Evolution, ed. by Robin Cooper and Ruth Kempson. College Publications, pp. 265–321.  A version of Bresnan, Deo, and Sharma 2007 with new material by Sharma.
  

• Joan Bresnan, Anna Cueni, Tatiana Nikitina, and Harald Baayen. 2007.  "Predicting the Dative Alternation."   In Cognitive Foundations of Interpretation, ed. by G. Boume, I. Kraemer, and J. Zwarts.  Amsterdam: Royal Netherlands Academy of Science, pp. 69--94. 33 pages. Pdf.

• Joan Bresnan. 2007. "A Few Lessons from Typology".  Linguistic Typology 11(1): 297--306.

• Joan Bresnan, Ashwini Deo, and Devyani Sharma.  2007.  "Typology in Variation: A Probabilistic Approach to be and n't in the Survey of English Dialects".  English Language and Linguistics 11.2, 301-346.  49 pages. Pdf.

• Joan Bresnan. 2007. "Is syntactic knowledge probabilistic?  Experiments with the English dative alternation."   In Roots: Linguistics in Search of Its Evidential Base.. Series: Studies in Generative Grammar, edited by Sam Featherston and Wolfgang Sternefeld. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 77--96.

• Jennifer Hay and Joan Bresnan. 2006. "Spoken Syntax: The Phonetics of  giving a hand in New Zealand English".  The Linguistic Review 23: Special Issue on Exemplar-Based Models in Linguistics, 321-349..   41 pp. Pdf.
  

• Joan Bresnan and John Mugane. 2006. "Agentive Nominalizations in Gĩkũyũ and the  Theory of Mixed Categories".  In Intelligent Linguistic Architectures: Variations on themes by Ronald M. Kaplan, Miriam Butt, Mary Dalrymple, and Tracy Holloway King (eds), CSLI Publications, Stanford, California, 2006, pp. 201-234.  39 pp. Pdf.

• Bresnan, Joan, Jean Carletta, Richard Crouch, Malvina Nissim, Mark Steedman, Tom Wasow, and Annie Zaenen. 2005. Stanford release of Switchboard Corpus annotated for animacy. Paraphrase analysis for improved generation, LINK project, HRCR Edinburgh-CLSI Stanford.

• Judith Aissen and Joan Bresnan. 2004. "Remarks on Description and Explanation in Grammar: Commentary on Haspelmath", in Martina Penke and Anette Rosenbach (eds.), What Counts as Evidence in Linguistics? The Case of Innateness, Special issue of Studies in Language 28: 580-583.

• Annie Zaenen, Jean Carletta, Gregory Garretson, Joan Bresnan, Andrew Koontz-Garboden, Tatiana Nikitina, Catherine O'Connor, and Tom Wasow. 2004. "Animacy Encoding in English: Why and How," in D. Byron and B. Webber (eds.), Proceedings of the 2004 ACL Workshop on Discourse Annotation, Barcelona, July 2004, 118-125.

• Joan Bresnan and Tatiana Nikitina. 2003. "On the Gradience of the Dative Alternation".   Draft of May 7, 2003.  39 pages. Pdf.

• Joan Bresnan. 2002. "The Lexicon in Optimality Theory", in The Lexical Basis of Syntactic Processing: Formal,Computational and Experimental Issues, edited by Suzanne Stevenson and Paola Merlo, pp. 39 - 58, Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 22 pages (pdf)

• Joan Bresnan and Judith Aissen. 2002.  "Optimality and Functionality: Objections and Refutations".   Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 20(1): 81 - 95.  18 pages.  Postscript, pdf.
  

• Joan Bresnan. 2001. "Explaining Morphosyntactic Competition."  In Handbook of Contemporary Syntactic Theory, ed. by Mark Baltin and Chris Collins, 11--44.  Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.   Final revision, February 18, 1999. 49 pages (postscript; also available in pdf).  Available on the Rutgers Optimality Archive: (ROA-299-0299).  

• Joan Bresnan. 2001. Lexical-Functional Syntax. Oxford: Blackwell.  

• Joan Bresnan. 2001.  "The Emergence of the Unmarked Pronoun".  In Optimality-theoretic Syntax, edited by Geraldine Legendre, Jane Grimshaw, and Sten Vikner, 113 - 142.  Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.  37 pages (postscript; also available in pdf).  

• Joan Bresnan, Shipra Dingare, and Christopher D. Manning. 2001.   "Soft Constraints Mirror Hard Constraints: Voice and Person in English and Lummi".  Proceedings of the LFG '01 Conference. CSLI Publications.  20 pages. Postscript. Pdf.  
  

• Joan Bresnan. 2000.   "Pidgin Genesis and Optimality Theory".  In Processes of Language Contact: Case Studies from Australia and the Pacific, edited by Jeff Siegel. Montreal: Les Editions Fides, 145--173.  34 pages.  Postscript; pdf.  This is a revision of my LFG98 paper.  

• Joan Bresnan. 2000. "Optimal Syntax." In Optimality Theory: Phonology, Syntax and Acquisition, edited by Joost Dekkers, Frank van der Leeuw and Jeroen van de Weijer, 334--385.  Oxford: Oxford University Press.  Revised March 22, 1998. 65 pages (postscript); also available in pdf.  

• Joan Bresnan. 1998. "Markedness and Morphosyntactic Variation in Pronominal Systems".  Handout for the Workshop Is Syntax Different?  Common cognitive structures for syntax and phonology in Optimality Theory, December 12-13, 1998, Center for the Study of Language and Information.  16 pages (postscript).

• Joan Bresnan. 1998. "Pidgin Genesis in Optimality Theory".   Presented at the LFG98 Conference, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, June 30, 1998. 18 pages (postscript).   Final revision of October 24, 1998.  This paper can also be viewed on-line in html. Please go to CSLI Publications and look for their on-line proceedings, if you have trouble finding this link; they change their URLs without warning.
  

• Joan Bresnan. 1998. "Morphology Competes with Syntax: Explaining Typological Variation in Weak Crossover Effects". In Is the Best Good Enough? Optimality and Competition in Syntax, edited by Pilar Barbosa, Danny Fox, Paul Hagstrom, Martha McGinnis, and David Pesetsky, 59--92. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press and MIT Working Papers in Linguistics.  Revised version, March 18, 1996. About 40 pages (postscript).  [Some tree artwork missing.]

• Joan Bresnan. 1997. "Mixed Categories as Head Sharing Constructions."  Proceedings of the LFG97 Conference, University of California, San Diego, edited by Miriam Butt and Tracy Holloway King.  On-line, Stanford University: http://www-csli.stanford.edu/publications/LFG2/lfg97.html . 17 pages (postscript).  

• Joan Bresnan. 1997. "The Emergence of the Unmarked Pronoun: Chicheŵa Pronominals in Optimality Theory". To appear in BLS-23.  20 pages (postscript).  

• Alex Alsina, Joan Bresnan, and Peter Sells, eds. 1997. Complex Predicates. CSLI Publications.

• Joan Bresnan. 1997. "Mixed Categories as Head-Sharing Constructions", in Miriam Butt and Tracy Holloway King, eds., Proceedings of the LFG97 Conference, University of California, San Diego, on-line, CSLI Publications: http://csli-publications.stanford.edu/LFG/2/lfg97.html.

• Joan Bresnan. 1997. "The Emergence of the Unmarked Pronoun: Chicheŵa Pronominals in Optimality Theory", BLS-23, Special Session on Syntax and Semantics in Africa, 26-46.

• Rachel Nordlinger and Joan Bresnan. 1996. "Non-configurational tense in Wambaya". In Proceedings of the First LFG Conference, Rank Xerox Research Center, Grenoble, France, August 26-28, 1996, edited by Miriam Butt and Tracy Holloway King.  On-line, Stanford University: http://www-csli.stanford.edu/publications/LFG/lfg1.html. 15 pages (postscript).  

• Joan Bresnan. 1996. "Lexicality and Argument Structure". Invited paper given at the Paris Syntax and Semantics Conference, October 12-14, 1995.  Corrected version: 12:57 p.m. April 15, 1996.  27 pages (postscript). Pdf version.
  

• Peter Austin and Joan Bresnan. 1996. "Nonconfigurationality in Australian Aboriginal Languages". Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 14, 215-268.

• Rachel Nordlinger and Joan Bresnan. 1996. "Nonconfigurational Tense in Wambaya", in Miriam Butt and Tracy Holloway King, eds., Proceedings of the First LFG Conference, Rank Xerox Research Center, Grenoble, France, August 26--28, 1996; on-line, CSLI Publications: http://csli-publications.stanford.edu/LFG/1/lfg1.html.

• Joan Bresnan. 1995. "Category Mismatches", in Akin Akinlabi, ed., Theoretical Approaches to African Languages, Africa World Press, Lawrenceville, N.J., 19-46.

• Joan Bresnan and Sam A. Mchombo, 1995. "The Lexical Integrity Principle: Evidence from Bantu". Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 13, 181-252.

• Joan Bresnan. 1995. "Linear Order vs. Syntactic Rank: Evidence from Weak Crossover", in Katie Beals, Jeannette Denton, Bob Knippen, Lynette Melnar, Hisami Suzuki and Erika Zeinfeld, eds., CLS 30-I: Papers from the Thirtieth Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society, 57--89. Chicago: Chicago Linguistic Society. [Published in revised form under the title "Linear Order, Syntactic Rank, and Empty Categories: On Weak Crossover", in Mary Dalrymple, Ronald M. Kaplan, John T. Maxwell III, and Annie Zaenen (eds), Formal Issues in Lexical-Functional Grammar, CSLI Publications, Stanford, CA, 241-274.]

• Joan Bresnan. 1994. "Locative Inversion and the Architecture of Universal Grammar". Language 70.1 (March 1994), 72-131.

• Joan Bresnan. 1993. "Interaction Between Grammar and Discourse in Chicheŵa (Bantu): in William A. Foley, ed., The Role of Theory in Language Description (Trends in Linguistics, Studies and Monographs 69), Mouton-de Gruyter, Berlin, 45--60.

• Joan Bresnan and Jonni M. Kanerva. 1993. "The Thematic Hierarchy and Locative Inversion in UG. A Reply to Paul Schachter's Comments", in T. Stowell and E. Wehrli, eds., Syntax and the Lexicon (Syntax and Semantics Series No. 26), Academic Press, New York, 111-125.

• Joan Bresnan. 1991. "Locative Case vs. Locative Gender", in Laurel Sutton and Christopher Johnson with Ruth Shields, eds., Proceedings of the 17th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 53-68.

• Joan Bresnan and Lioba Moshi. 1990. "Object Asymmetries in Comparative Bantu Syntax". Linguistic Inquiry 21.2 (Spring 1990), 147-185. Reprinted in Sam A. Mchombo, ed., Theoretical Issues in Bantu Syntax, CSLI Publications, 47-91.

• Joan Bresnan. 1990. "Linguistic and Computational Constraints on Grammar", Tutorials of SICONLP'90, The Seoul International Conference on Natural Language Processing Tutorials, November 21--24, 1990, Language Research Institute, Seoul National University, 117-145.

• Joan Bresnan and Höoskuldur Thráinsson. 1990. "A Note on Icelandic Coordination", in Joan Maling and Annie Zaenen, eds., Modern Icelandic Syntax (Syntax and Semantics Series, No. 24, Academic Press, Orlando, Florida, 355-365.

• Joan Bresnan and Annie Zaenen. 1990. "Deep Unaccusativity in LFG", K. Dziwirek, P. Farrell, and E. Mejías-Bikandi, eds., Grammatical Relations: A Cross-Theoretical Perspective, CSLI Publications/SLA, Stanford, 45-57.

• Joan Bresnan. 1990. "Monotonicity and the Theory of Relation-Changes in LFG", Language Research 26.4, Language Research Institute, Seoul National University, 637-652.

• Joan Bresnan. 1990. :African Languages and Syntactic Theories", Studies in the Linguistic Sciences 20.1 (Spring 1990), 35-48.

• Joan Bresnan and Jonni M. Kanerva. 1989. "Locative Inversion in Chicheŵa: A Case Study of Factorization in Grammar". Linguistic Inquiry 20.1 (Winter 1989), 1-50. Reprinted in Tim Stowell and Eric Wehrli, eds., Syntax and the Lexicon (Syntax and Semantics Series No. 26), Academic Press, New York, 53--101.

• Joan Bresnan. 1989. "The Syntactic Projection Problem and the Comparative Syntax of Locative Inversion," Journal of Information Science and Engineering 5.4 (Special Issue, R. O. C. Computational Linguistics Workshops II 1989, Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China), 287-303.

• Joan Bresnan and Sam A. Mchombo. 1987. "Topic, Pronoun, and Agreement in Chicheŵa. Language 63.4 (December 1987), 741-782. Reprinted in Working Papers in Grammatical Theory and Discourse Structure: Interactions of Morphology, Syntax, and Discourse, Masayo Iida, Steven Wechsler, and Draga Zec, eds. CSLI Publications/SLA, Stanford, 1-59.

• David A. Swinney, Janet Nicol, Marilyn Ford, Uli Frauenfelder, and Joan Bresnan. 1987. "The Time Course of Co-Indexation during Sentence Comprehension", Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 25: 353-353.

• Joan Bresnan and Sam A. Mchombo. 1986. "Grammatical and Anaphoric Agreement", in CLS 22 Part 2: Papers from the Parasession on Pragmatics and Grammatical Theory at the Twenty-Second Regional Meeting, Chicago Linguistic Society, April 1986, The Chicago Linguistic Society, Chicago, 278-297.

• Jane Simpson and Joan Bresnan. 1983. "Control and Obviation in Warlpiri", Natural Language and Linguistic Theory I, 49-64.

• Joan Bresnan. 1982. "The Passive in Lexical Theory", in J. Bresnan, ed., The Mental Representation of Grammatical Relations, Chapter 1, The MIT Press (1982), 3-86.

• Ronald Kaplan and Joan Bresnan. 1982. "Lexical-Functional Grammar: A Formal System for Grammatical Representation", in J. Bresnan, ed., The Mental Representation of Grammatical Relations, Chapter 4, The MIT Press, 173-281.

• Ford, Marilyn, Joan Bresnan, and Ronald Kaplan. 1982. "A Competence-Based Theory of Syntactic Closure", in J. Bresnan, ed., The Mental Representation of Grammatical Relations, Chapter 11, The MIT Press, 727-796.

• Joan Bresnan. 1982. "Control and Complementation". Linguistic Inquiry XIII.3 (Summer 1982), 343-434; also in J. Bresnan, ed., The Mental Representation of Grammatical Relations, Chapter 5, The MIT Press, 282-390).

• Joan Bresnan, Ronald Kaplan, Stanley Peters, and Annie Zaenen. 1982. "Cross-Serial Dependencies in Dutch". Linguistic Inquiry XIII.4 (Fall 1982), 613-635. Reprinted in The Formal Complexity of Natural Language, W. Savitch et al., eds., D. Reidel (1987), 286-319.

• Joan Bresnan (Ed). 1982. The Mental Representation of Grammatical Relations, The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts (916 pp.).

• Joan Bresnan and Ronald Kaplan. 1982. "Grammars as Mental Representations of Language", in J. Bresnan, ed. The Mental Representation of Grammatical Relations, Introduction, The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, xvii-lii; slightly revised in W. Kintsch, J. Miller, and P. G. Polson, eds., Methods and Tactics in Cognitive Science, Erlbaum, 103-135.

• Joan Bresnan. 1981. "An Approach to Universal Grammar and the Mental Representation of Language", Cognition X (1981), 39-52.

• Joan Bresnan. 1980. "Polyadicity", in T. Hoekstra, H. van der Hulst and M. Moortgat, eds., Lexical Grammar, Foris Publications, Dordrecht, Holland, 97-121; in revised form in J. Bresnan, ed., The Mental Representation of Grammatical Relations, Chapter 3, The MIT Press (1982), 149-172.

• Joan Bresnan. 1979. Theory of Complementation in English Syntax, Outstanding Dissertations in Linguistics, Jorge Hankamer, ed., Garland Press.

• Joan Bresnan. 1978. "A Realistic Transformational Grammar", in Morris Halle, Joan Bresnan, and George A. Miller, eds., Linguistic Theory and Psychological Reality, The MIT Press, 1-59.

• Morris Halle, Joan Bresnan, and George A. Miller, eds. 1978. Linguistic Theory and Psychological Reality, The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

• Joan Bresnan and Jane Grimshaw. 1978. "The Syntax of Free Relatives in English". Linguistic Inquiry IX.3, 331-391.

• Joan Bresnan. 1977. "Transformations and Categories in Syntax", in R. Butts and J. Hintikka, eds., Basic Problems in Methodology and Linguistics, Part 3 of the Proceedings of the Fifth International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science, London, Ontario, Canada, D. Reidel, 283-304.

• Joan Bresnan. 1977. "Variables in the Theory of Transformations", in Adrian Akmajian, Peter Culicover, and Thomas Wasow, eds., Formal Syntax, Academic Press, 157-196.

• Joan Bresnan. 1976. "On the Form and Functioning of Transformations:, Linguistic Inquiry VII.1, 3-40.

• Joan Bresnan. 1976. "Evidence for a Theory of Unbounded Transformations", Linguistic Analysis II.4, 353-393.

• Joan Bresnan. 1976. "Nonarguments for Raising", Linguistic Inquiry VII.3, 485-501.

• Joan Bresnan. 1974. "On the Position of Certain Clause-Particles in Phrase Structure", Linguistic Inquiry V.4, 614-619.

• Joan Bresnan, Emmon Bach and Thomas Wasow. 1974. "Sloppy Identity: An Unnecessary and Insufficient Criterion for Deletion Rules". Linguistic Inquiry V.4, 609-614.

• Joan Bresnan. 1973. "Syntax of the Comparative Clause Construction in English". Linguistic Inquiry IV.3, 275--343.

• Joan Bresnan. 1972. Theory of Complementation in English Syntax. Ph.D. dissertation, MIT. Printed by Garland Publishing in 1979. Printed by Routledge in 2017.

• Joan Bresnan. 1972. "Stress and Syntax: A Reply", Language XLVIII.2, 326-342.

• Joan Bresnan. 1971. "On `A Non-Source for Comparatives'", Linguistic Inquiry II.1, 117-124.

• Joan Bresnan. 1971. "Sentence Stress and Syntactic Transformations", Language XLVII.2, 257-281. Reprinted in Contributions to Generative Phonology, M. Brame, ed., University of Texas Press (1972), 73-107; reprinted in an augmented version in Approaches to Natural Language, Jaakko Hintikka, Julius Moravcsik, and Patrick Suppes, eds., D. Reidel (1973), 3-47; reprinted in Syntactic Argumentation, Donna Jo Napoli and Emily Rando, eds., Georgetown University Press (1979), 233-257.

• Joan Bresnan. 1971. "A Note on the Notion `Identity-of-Sense Anaphora'", Linguistic Inquiry II.4 (Fall 1971), 589-597.

• Joan Bresnan. 1971. "Contraction and the transformational cycle in English", Unpublished paper, MIT, Cambridge, Mass. Reproduced, Bloomington: Indiana University Linguistics Club, 1978.

• Joan Bresnan. 1970. "An Argument against Pronominalization", Linguistic Inquiry I.1, 122-123.

• Joan Bresnan. 1970. "A Grammatical Fiction", Linguistic Inquiry I.2, 261-262.

• Joan Bresnan. 1970. "On Complementizers: Toward a Syntactic Theory of Complement Types", Foundations of Language VI.3, 297-321.

• Joan Bresnan. 1969. "Instrumental Adverbs and the Concept of Deep Structure", Quarterly Progress Report No. 92, Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT, Cambridge, Mass, 365-375. Reprinted in Portuguese translation as "A Respeito de Advérbios Instrumentais e o Conceito de Estrutura Profunda" in Fundamentos Metodológicos da Linguística, Volume II: Fonologia et Sintaxe, Marcelo Dascal, ed., Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil (1981), 225-237.