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Abbreviations
and Symbols...............
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NG
|
National
Geographic Guide, 1999
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G
|
Golden
Guide, 1983
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PE
|
Peterson
(East) Guide, 1980
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PW
|
Peterson
(West) Guide, 1961
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AE
|
Audubon
(East) Guide, 1977
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AW
|
Audubon
(West) Guide, 1977
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AM
|
AM
(Vol.1, II, III) = Audubon Master Guide,
1983
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SYMBOLS AND
ABBREVIATIONS
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?
|
Preceding
uncertain
|
|
(?)
|
Preceding
range uncertain
|
|
<
|
Less
Than
|
|
>
|
Greater
Than
|
|
+
|
More
than, helper
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|
F or
FF
|
Female/Females
|
|
M or
MM
|
Male/Males
|
|
-M
|
Mostly
Female
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-F
|
Mostly
Male
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I:
|
Length
of Incubation
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F:
|
Time
Hatching to Fledging
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TYPE OF BREEDING
-- For details see ESSAYS
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COOP
|
Cooperative
Breeder
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MONOG
|
Monogamous
Breeder
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POLYAND
|
Polyandrous
Breeder
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|
POLYGYN
|
Polygynous
Breeder
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POLYGAM
|
Polygamous
Breeder
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PROMISC
|
Promiscuous
Breeder
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DEVELOPMENT AT
HATCHING For details see Essay: "Precocial
..................................................and
Altricial Young
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PRECOCIAL 2
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Mobile,
downy, follow parents, find own food.
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PRECOCIAL 3
|
Mobile,
downy, follow parents, are shown food.
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PRECOCIAL 4
|
Mobile,
downy, follow parents, fed.
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SEMI-PRECOCIAL
|
Mobile,
remain at nest, fed.
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SEMI-ALTRICIAL
1
|
Immobile,
downy, eyes open, fed.
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SEMI-ALTRICIAL
2
|
Immobile,
downy, eyes closed, fed.
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ALTRICIAL
|
Immobile,
downless, eyes closed, fed.
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TOPICS
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BREEDING:
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Information
on breeding habitat and number of broods per
year
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DISPLAYS:
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Description
of major sexual/territorial displays
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NEST:
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Description
of structure and materials used in
construction
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EGGS:
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Description
of color, pattern, and size of shell
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DIET:
|
Expanded
explanation of preferred foods of adults and/or
young
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CONSERVATION:
|
Where
birds spend winter; endangerment; if cowbird
host
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NOTES:
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Interesting
research notes; recent name changes
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ESSAYS:
|
Suggested
reading of the most pertinent essays in the
Handbook
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REFs:
|
References
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SYMBOLS AND
ABBREVIATIONS
|
|
F or
FF
|
Female/Females
|
|
M or
MM
|
Male/Males
|
|
-M
|
Mostly
Female
|
|
-F
|
Mostly
Male
|
|
+
|
More
than, helper
|
|
?
|
Preceding
uncertain
|
|
(?)
|
Preceding
range uncertain
|
|
<
|
Less
Than
|
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>
|
Greater
Than
|
|
|
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c
|
Central
(direction, name)
|
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n
|
NORTH
(direction)
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s
|
SOUTH
(direction)
|
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e
|
EAST
(direction)
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w
|
WEST
(direction)
|
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N
|
North
(name-as in N. America)
|
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S
|
South
(name)
|
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E
|
East
(name)
|
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W
|
West
(name)
|
|
|
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(W)
|
Wintering
location
|
|
|
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Nr
|
Near
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Oft
|
Often
|
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Occ
|
Occasionally
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Poss
|
Possibly
|
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Usu
|
Usually
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V
|
Very
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cop
|
Copulation
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veg
|
Vegetation
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forb
|
Herbaceous
plant other than grass
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mesic
|
Has
ample rainfall and well-drained soil
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|