Shatz Lab Movies
Expt.mov
Movies of the calcium imaging experiment that show the
spontaneous retinal waves as seen through a microscope.
The dimensions of the picture are 1.4 mm by 1.2 mm,
showing the activity of thousands of RGCs. (Each RGC is
about the size of one pixel in this movie.) The initial
view is of the retina before the background is subtracted
&endash; the subsequent movie has the background
subtracted so you only see changes in fluorescence. Areas
of the retina that are active become dark due to calcium
entry caused by wave activity. These four waves are
pictured in the "waves.tif" slide. This movie is shown in
real time.
Model.mov
A computer simulation of the retinal waves, picturing
two cell layers involved in the wave activity. Waves
travel across the amacrine cell layer (bottom- this is a
layer of nerve cells called amacrine cell interneurons
that send inputs to the RGCs) and are displayed in the
ganglion cell layer (top). The calcium imaging experiment
shown in the first movie above only shows the activity in
the ganglion cell layer, corresponding to the activity in
the top frame. Our computer model shows how these waves
are driven by activity in the amacrine cell layer, and
thus shows the underlying amacrine cell activity thought
to drive retinal waves. The model, then, demonstrates
that a special early circuit of RGCs and interneurons set
up the waves, which essentially are "test patterns" run
in the eye in preparation for later vision.
Video_segment_1_-_WAVES.MPG
Feller, M.B., D.P. Wellis, D. Stellwagen, F.S.
Werblin and C.J. Shatz (1996) Requirement
for cholinergic synaptic transmission in the propagation
of spontaneous retinal waves. Science
272:1182-1187.
Video_Segment_2_-_SIMUL.MPG
Feller, M.B., Butts, D., Aaron, H., Stellwagen,
D., Rokhsar, D., and Shatz, C.J. (1997) Dynamic
properties shape spatiotemporal properties of retinal
waves. Neuron 19: 293-306.
Video_Segment_3 - FORSK.MPG
Retinal Waves in Forskolin
Stellwagen, D., and Shatz, C.J. (2002) An Instructive Role
for Retinal Waves in the Development of Retinogeniculate
Connectivity. Neuron, Vol. 33. 357-367. January 31, 2002.
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