G

Gene is the functional and physical unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring. Genes are pieces of DNA, and most genes contain the information for making a specific protein.

GenBank
GenBank is the DNA sequence database sponsored by the US National Institutes of Health. GenBank is produced in collaboration with EMBL and DDBJ.

Gene amplification is an increase in the number of copies of any particular piece of DNA. A tumor cell amplifies, or copies, DNA segments naturally as a result of cell signals and sometimes environmental events.

Gene expression is the process by which proteins are made from the instructions encoded in DNA.

Gene mapping is determining the relative positions of genes on a chromosome and the distance between them.

Gene pool is the sum total of genes, with all their variations, possessed by a particular species at a particular time.

Gene_product
A description of the protein or RNA product (and its function, if relevant) that is coded for by the gene.

Gene transfer is the insertion of unrelated DNA into the cells of an organism. There are many different reasons for gene transfer: for example, attempting to treat disease by supplying patients with therapeutic genes. There are also many possible ways to transfer genes. Most involve the use of a vector, such as a specially modified virus that can take the gene along when it enters the cell.

Genome All the genes contained in a single set of chromosomes, i.e. in a haploid nucleus. Eac parent, through its reproductive cells, contributes its gemone to its offspring.

Genetic code is the instructions in a gene that tell the cell how to make a specific protein. A, T, G, and C are the "letters" of the DNA code; they stand for the chemicals adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine, respectively, that make up the nucleotide bases of DNA. Each gene's code combines the four chemicals in various ways to spell out 3-letter "words" that specify which amino acid is needed at every step in making a protein.

Genetic Map is (also known as a linkage map) a chromosome map of a species that shows the position of its known genes and/or markers relative to each other, rather than as specific physical points on each chromosome.

Genetic marker is a segment of DNA with an identifiable physical location on a chromosome and whose inheritance can be followed. A marker can be a gene, or it can be some section of DNA with no known function. Because DNA segments that lie near each other on a chromosome tend to be inherited together, markers are often used as indirect ways of tracking the inheritance pattern of a gene that has not yet been identified, but whose approximate location is known.

Genetic screening is testing a population group to identify a subset of individuals at high risk for having or transmitting a specific genetic disorder.

Genome is all the DNA contained in an organism or a cell, which includes both the chromosomes within the nucleus and the DNA in mitochondria.

Genotype is the genetic identity of an individual that does not show as outward characteristics.

Globular Proteins: Globular proteins have compact rounded molecules and are usually water soluble. Enzymes, antibodies, carrier proteins are all globular.

Secondary structure refers to the local structure of polypeptide chain segments due to hydrogen bonding of the amide (blue) and carbonyl oxygen (red) of the main chain. These hydrogen bonds are shown as dotted white lines. The two-domain structure has been broken open, so that the view is into the interdomain hydrophobic core. It can be seen that the beta-strand elements form a skeleton held together by hydrogen bonds.

Guanine is one of the four bases in DNA that make up the letters ATGC, guanine is the "G". The others are adenine, cytosine, and thymine. Guanine always pairs with cytosine.

Author: Tug Sezen