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Subject: Keck Futures Initiative Announces Grant Recipients; $1 Million Awarded for 14 Research Projects
Date: Mon, 10 Apr 2006 21:11:02 -0700
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                      -- Here Starts Content <!-->
                        <P><FONT face=3DArial>Date: April 10, =
2006</FONT><BR><FONT=20
                        face=3DArial>Contacts: Maureen O'Leary, Director =
of Public=20
                        Information</FONT><BR><FONT face=3DArial>Chris =
Dobbins,=20
                        Media Relations Assistant</FONT><BR><FONT=20
                        face=3DArial>Office of News and Public=20
                        Information</FONT><BR><FONT =
face=3DArial>202-334-2138;=20
                        e-mail =
&lt;news@nas.edu&gt;</FONT><BR><BR><B><FONT=20
                        face=3DArial>Keck Futures Initiative Announces =
Grant=20
                        Recipients;</FONT></B><BR><B><FONT =
face=3DArial>$1 Million=20
                        Awarded for 14 Research =
Projects</FONT></B><BR><BR><FONT=20
                        face=3DArial>WASHINGTON -- The National =
Academies Keck=20
                        </FONT><B><FONT face=3DArial>Futures=20
                        Initiative</FONT></B><FONT face=3DArial> =
announced today=20
                        the recipients of its 2005 </FONT><B><FONT=20
                        face=3DArial>Futures </FONT></B><FONT =
face=3DArial>grants,=20
                        each in the amount of $50,000 or $75,000 to =
support=20
                        interdisciplinary research on genomics and =
infectious=20
                        disease. The 14 research projects that were =
awarded=20
                        funding represent a wide range of approaches to =
the=20
                        field, which was the subject of the third=20
                        </FONT><B><FONT face=3DArial>Futures =
</FONT></B><FONT=20
                        face=3DArial>conference, "The Genomic =
Revolution:=20
                        Implications for Treatment and Control of =
Infectious=20
                        Disease," held last November in Irvine, Calif.=20
                        </FONT><BR><BR><FONT face=3DArial>These =
competitive seed=20
                        grants aim to fill a critical gap between =
research on=20
                        bold new ideas and major federal funding =
programs, which=20
                        do not typically provide grants in areas that =
are=20
                        considered risky or unusual. The </FONT><B><FONT =

                        face=3DArial>Futures</FONT></B><FONT =
face=3DArial> grants=20
                        allow researchers to start developing a line of =
inquiry=20
                        by recruiting students and postdoctoral fellows, =

                        purchasing equipment, and acquiring preliminary =
data =96=20
                        all of which can position the researchers to =
compete for=20
                        larger awards from other public and private=20
                        sources.</FONT><BR><BR><FONT face=3DArial>Funded =
by a $40=20
                        million grant from the W.M. Keck Foundation in =
2003, the=20
                        National Academies Keck </FONT><B><FONT=20
                        face=3DArial>Futures Initiative</FONT></B><FONT=20
                        face=3DArial> is a 15-year effort to enhance =
communication=20
                        among researchers, funding agencies, =
universities, and=20
                        the general public =96 with the objective of =
stimulating=20
                        interdisciplinary research at the most exciting=20
                        frontiers. The National Academies and the W.M. =
Keck=20
                        Foundation believe considerable scientific =
progress and=20
                        social benefit will be achieved by providing a=20
                        counterbalance to the tendency to isolate =
research=20
                        within academic fields. The </FONT><B><FONT=20
                        face=3DArial>Futures Initiative</FONT></B><FONT=20
                        face=3DArial> is designed to enable researchers =
from=20
                        different disciplines to focus on new questions =
and=20
                        entirely new research, and to encourage better=20
                        communication between scientists as well as =
between the=20
                        scientific community and the public.=20
                        </FONT><BR><BR><FONT face=3DArial>The =
</FONT><B><FONT=20
                        face=3DArial>Futures Initiative</FONT></B><FONT=20
                        face=3DArial> builds on three pillars of vital =
and=20
                        sustained research: interdisciplinary encounters =
that=20
                        counterbalance specialization and isolation; the =

                        identification and exploration of new research =
topics;=20
                        and communication that bridges languages, =
cultures,=20
                        habits of thought, and institutions. Toward =
these goals,=20
                        the National Academies Keck </FONT><B><FONT=20
                        face=3DArial>Futures Initiative</FONT></B><FONT=20
                        face=3DArial> incorporates three core activities =
each=20
                        year: </FONT><B><FONT =
face=3DArial>Futures</FONT></B><FONT=20
                        face=3DArial> conferences, </FONT><B><FONT=20
                        face=3DArial>Futures</FONT></B><FONT =
face=3DArial> grants,=20
                        and National Academies Communication Awards.=20
                        </FONT><BR><BR><FONT face=3DArial>The award =
recipients and=20
                        their grant research topics =
are:</FONT><BR><BR><FONT=20
                        face=3DArial>PHILIP AWADALLA, North Carolina =
State=20
                        University, Raleigh</FONT><BR><FONT =
face=3DArial>HONGYU=20
                        ZHAO, Yale University School of Medicine, New =
Haven,=20
                        Conn.</FONT><BR><FONT face=3DArial>SARAH =
TISHKOFF,=20
                        University of Maryland, College Park</FONT>
                        <UL><B><FONT face=3DArial>The Co-evolution of =
Human and=20
                          Plasmodium Genomic Interactions -=20
                          $75,000</FONT></B><BR><FONT =
face=3DArial>Mortality=20
                          associated with malaria has been a major =
selective=20
                          force shaping variation in the human and P.=20
                          </FONT><B><FONT =
face=3DArial>falciparum</FONT></B><FONT=20
                          face=3DArial> genomes resulting in a genetic =
"arms=20
                          race." Using an interdisciplinary approach, =
Awadalla,=20
                          Zhao, and Tishkoff will incorporate novel =
molecular,=20
                          genetic, statistical, evolutionary, and =
bioinformatics=20
                          approaches to identify variants in genomes =
that play a=20
                          role in host/pathogen =
interaction.</FONT></UL><BR><FONT=20
                        face=3DArial>SALLY BLOWER, ROMULUS BREBAN, and =
RAFFAELE=20
                        VARDAVAS University of California, Los Angeles=20
                        </FONT><BR><FONT face=3DArial></FONT><B><FONT=20
                        face=3DArial>Exploring the Emerging Role of =
Public Health=20
                        in Integrating Genomics into the Control and =
Prevention=20
                        of Infectious Diseases - $75,000</FONT></B>
                        <UL><FONT face=3DArial>Blower, Breban, and =
Vardavas will=20
                          collaborate with the Centers for Disease =
Control and=20
                          Prevention to investigate the "superbug"=20
                          methicillin-resistant </FONT><B><FONT=20
                          face=3DArial>Staphylococcus =
aureus</FONT></B><FONT=20
                          face=3DArial> (MRSA). These researchers will =
decide how=20
                          genetic data can be used to characterize =
outbreaks,=20
                          and predict the size and frequency; and design =

                          effective control strategies for MRSA at the =
state and=20
                          the national level.</FONT></UL><BR><FONT=20
                        face=3DArial>STEVEN BRENNER, University of =
California,=20
                        Berkeley</FONT><BR><FONT face=3DArial>MARIA =
ABREU and=20
                        DANIEL PRESENT, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, =
New York=20
                        City</FONT><BR><FONT =
face=3DArial></FONT><B><FONT=20
                        face=3DArial>Metagenomic Studies of Human =
Microbiota in=20
                        Crohn's Disease - $75,000</FONT></B>
                        <UL><FONT face=3DArial>Crohn's disease is an=20
                          inflammatory disease of the digestive track =
that=20
                          affects a half-million patients in the United =
States.=20
                          Microbial populations in the intestines affect =
the=20
                          development of the disease and vice versa. =
These=20
                          researchers will use genomics to survey =
intestinal=20
                          microbiata populations and understand their =
role in=20
                          disease.</FONT></UL><BR><FONT =
face=3DArial>FREDERIC=20
                        BUSHMAN, University of Pennsylvania School of =
Medicine,=20
                        Philadelphia</FONT><BR><FONT face=3DArial>ROB =
DOUGLAS=20
                        KNIGHT, University of Colorado,=20
                        Boulder</FONT><BR><B><FONT face=3DArial>Dynamics =
of the=20
                        Human Intestinal Flora in Health and=20
                        Disease</FONT></B><FONT face=3DArial> - =
$75,000</FONT>
                        <UL><FONT face=3DArial>The human gut contains =
vast=20
                          numbers of mutualistic bacteria. Normally the =
human=20
                          immune system regulates this population, but =
upon HIV=20
                          infection, gut immune cells are rapidly =
destroyed and=20
                          intestinal illness follows. Using genomic =
approaches,=20
                          these researchers will study the effects of =
disease on=20
                          the composition of the gut =
flora.</FONT></UL><BR><FONT=20
                        face=3DArial>KAM LEONG and LINGCHONG YOU, Duke =
University,=20
                        Durham, N.C. </FONT><BR><B><FONT =
face=3DArial>Engineering=20
                        "Microbial Swarmbots" for Medical Applications - =

                        $75,000</FONT></B>
                        <UL><FONT face=3DArial>These researchers will =
engineer=20
                          microbial swarmbots as a platform technology =
for=20
                          delivery of bioactive agents to combat =
infectious=20
                          diseases. A microbial swarmbot is a small =
population=20
                          of bacterial cells that are autonomously =
regulated by=20
                          synthetic gene circuits and are encapsulated =
in=20
                          microcapsules built from synthetic or natural=20
                          polymers.</FONT></UL><BR><FONT =
face=3DArial>MICHAEL=20
                        LORENZ, University of Texas Health Science =
Center,=20
                        Houston</FONT><BR><FONT face=3DArial>GREGORY =
PETSKO,=20
                        Brandeis University, Waltham, Mass. </FONT>
                        <UL><B><FONT face=3DArial>Identification of =
Isocitrate=20
                          Lyase Inhibitors as Broad-Spectrum =
Antimicrobial Drugs=20
                          - $50,000</FONT></B><BR><FONT =
face=3DArial>These=20
                          researchers will test a new model of drug =
discovery=20
                          that uses comparative genomics and computer=20
                          simulation. Using a combination of =
structure-guided=20
                          computer modeling and laboratory testing, they =
will=20
                          identify pharmaceutical inhibitors of the =
enzyme=20
                          isocitrate lyase, which is required by several =

                          infectious agents to cause disease in humans.=20
                        </FONT></UL><BR><FONT face=3DArial>DEIRDRE =
MELDRUM,=20
                        University of Washington, =
Seattle</FONT><BR><FONT=20
                        face=3DArial>DEBRA WEINER and CARLO BRUGNARA, =
Harvard=20
                        Medical School, Boston </FONT>
                        <UL><B><FONT face=3DArial>Role of Nitric Oxide =
on White=20
                          Blood Cell Function in Inflammation and =
Infection -=20
                          $75,000</FONT></B><BR><FONT face=3DArial>These =

                          researchers will use state-of-the-art =
microscale=20
                          technology to measure and compare cellular =
events and=20
                          white blood cell genomic expression in =
</FONT><B><FONT=20
                          face=3DArial>in vitro</FONT></B><FONT =
face=3DArial> human=20
                          models of infection and inflammation. Nitric =
oxide is=20
                          an important mediator of white blood cell =
function in=20
                          the pathogenesis and host defense of =
infectious and=20
                          inflammatory processes.</FONT></UL><BR><FONT=20
                        face=3DArial>BABAK PARVIZ, University of =
Washington,=20
                        Seattle</FONT>
                        <UL><B><FONT face=3DArial>Direct Electronic =
Detection of=20
                          Molecular Recognition and Binding Events with=20
                          Engineered Nano-Scale Structures -=20
                          $75,000</FONT></B><BR><FONT face=3DArial>Two =
nano-scale=20
                          sensing mechanisms based on tunneling current =
and=20
                          surface dipole fields will be investigated for =
direct=20
                          conversion of molecular recognition and =
binding events=20
                          to electronic signals. The new sensing =
mechanisms will=20
                          provide powerful tools for furthering the=20
                          understanding of biology at the small scale =
and=20
                          extending the link between the genomic =
information and=20
                          phenotype and the eventual =
disease.</FONT></UL><BR><FONT=20
                        face=3DArial>CHRISTOPHER PLOWE and SHANNON =
TAKALA,=20
                        University of Maryland School of Medicine,=20
                        Baltimore</FONT><BR><B><FONT =
face=3DArial>Genetic=20
                        Diversity and Efficacy of Malaria Drugs and =
Vaccines -=20
                        $75,000</FONT></B>
                        <UL><FONT face=3DArial>These researchers will =
develop=20
                          new genomic tools to assess how genetic =
differences in=20
                          malaria parasites affect the ability of drugs =
to treat=20
                          malaria and the ability of vaccines to prevent =
the=20
                          disease in clinical trials in=20
                        Africa.</FONT></UL><BR><FONT face=3DArial>DAVID =
RELMAN,=20
                        Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. =
</FONT><BR><FONT=20
                        face=3DArial>ANNE RIMOIN, University of =
California, Los=20
                        Angeles </FONT>
                        <UL><B><FONT face=3DArial>Bringing Genomics to =
the=20
                          Rainforest: The Study of Monkeypox in the =
Democratic=20
                          Republic of Congo - =
$75,000</FONT></B><BR><FONT=20
                          face=3DArial>Monkeypox is an emerging =
infectious disease=20
                          in Africa, and it unexpectedly caused an =
outbreak in=20
                          the United States in 2003. These researchers =
will=20
                          study the responses of patients with monkeypox =
in the=20
                          Democratic Republic of Congo using powerful =
genomic=20
                          tools, in order to understand this poorly =
studied=20
                          disease.</FONT></UL><BR><FONT =
face=3DArial>DEBRA SCHWINN,=20
                        NAN JOKERST and RICHARD FAIR, Duke University, =
Durham,=20
                        N.C.</FONT><BR><FONT face=3DArial>MIHRI OZKAN, =
University=20
                        of California, Riverside</FONT>
                        <UL><B><FONT face=3DArial>Creating an =
Inexpensive=20
                          Diagnostic for Malaria Using Combined =
Nanotechnology=20
                          and Genomic Approaches - =
$75,000</FONT></B><BR><FONT=20
                          face=3DArial>These researchers will develop an =

                          inexpensive field diagnostic to detect active =
malaria=20
                          infection in a remote field setting where =
little=20
                          electricity or medical expertise is available. =
The=20
                          diagnostic tool uses microfluidics, =
nanotechnology,=20
                          and genomics to diagnose the type and drug =
resistance=20
                          of malaria parasites in =
humans.</FONT></UL><BR><FONT=20
                        face=3DArial>VICTOR UGAZ, Texas A&amp;M =
University,=20
                        College Station</FONT><BR><FONT =
face=3DArial>ROBIN LIU,=20
                        CombiMatrix Corp.,Mukilteo, Wash.</FONT>
                        <UL><B><FONT face=3DArial>Enhancement of DNA =
Microarray=20
                          Hybridization Using Thermal Gradient Induced=20
                          Convective Flow - $75,000</FONT></B><BR><FONT=20
                          face=3DArial>These researchers will develop a =
novel but=20
                          simple and easy-to-implement technique, based =
on=20
                          thermal gradient induced convection flow, to =
enhance=20
                          DNA microarray hybridization and address the =
diffusion=20
                          limitation and low throughput of current =
microarray=20
                          technology. This technique would accelerate=20
                          hybridization kinetics in virtually any =
microarray=20
                          platform.</FONT></UL><BR><FONT =
face=3DArial>SHAN WANG,=20
                        Stanford University, Stanford, =
Calif.</FONT><BR><FONT=20
                        face=3DArial>NADER POURMAND, Stanford Genome =
Technology=20
                        Center, Stanford, Calif.</FONT>
                        <UL><B><FONT face=3DArial>Low Cost and Rapid =
Microbe=20
                          Diagnostics to Combat Drug Resistance =
Phenomenon in=20
                          Infectious Diseases - =
$50,000</FONT></B><BR><FONT=20
                          face=3DArial>These researchers will develop a=20
                          magneto-nano biosensor for portable and rapid=20
                          microbial diagnostics. Furthermore, they will=20
                          investigate its feasibility to rapidly =
identify=20
                          organisms in infected patients, thereby =
reducing the=20
                          overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotic regimens =
and=20
                          saving numerous lives in =
hospitals.</FONT></UL><BR><FONT=20
                        face=3DArial>JOHN WIKTOROWICZ, University of =
Texas Medical=20
                        Branch, Galveston </FONT><BR><FONT =
face=3DArial>CORINNE=20
                        LENGSFELD, University of Denver,=20
                        Colorado</FONT><BR><B><FONT face=3DArial>Micro =
Incubator=20
                        for Bacterial Infectious Agents</FONT></B><FONT=20
                        face=3DArial> - $75,000</FONT>
                        <UL><FONT face=3DArial>Using =
microelectromechanical=20
                          technology, these researchers will design and =
build a=20
                          prototype microfluidic-based incubator with =
the=20
                          potential to provide up to 100 environmental=20
                          conditions within a small space. The incubator =
will be=20
                          used to evaluate the impact of environmental =
factors=20
                          on bacterial strain evolution, propagation and =

                          death.</FONT></UL><BR><FONT face=3DArial>For =
more=20
                        information, visit &lt;www.keckfutures.org&gt; =
or=20
                        contact Marty Perreault at 949-387-5783.=20
                        </FONT><BR><BR><FONT face=3DArial>[ This news =
release is=20
                        available at </FONT><B><FONT face=3DArial><A=20
                        =
href=3D"http://national-academies.org/">http://national-academies.org/</A=
></FONT></B><B><FONT=20
                        face=3DArial> </FONT></B><FONT =
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