Fourier Modal Method formulations

There has been extensive literature on the best way to generate the Fourier series coefficients for the in-plane dielectric profiles of each layer. S4 implements a number of different formulations. The following functions determine which formulation is selected:

In addition, the following functions control accuracy and the lattice truncation:

To simplify the choice for users, the table below summarizes the recommended settings. It is recommended to always use circular truncation unless there is a good reason to do otherwise. Speed indicates the speed of the Fourier coefficient generation, which is usually not the dominant part of the simulation time.

Options Can handle Anisotropic? Recommended resolution Speed Accuracy
none yes - fast poor
Disc yes 8 medium poor
Subpixel yes 4 medium medium
Pol no 8 slow good
Pol+Normal no 8 slow good
Pol+Jones no 8 slow good
Disc+Pol no* 4 slow medium
Disc+Pol+Normal no* 4 slow medium
Disc+Pol+Jones no* 4 slow medium

*: The formulation does not strictly work correctly for anisotropic media however it may still work. Proper support for anisotropic materials is in principle possible. There are currently no plans for implementing generation of the proper basis fields for this feature.