Phonology and Morphology of the Ciyao Verb

This book describes and analyzes the lexical phonology and morphology of the verb stem in Ciyao, a Bantu language spoken in Southern Malawi, Northwestern Mozambique, and Southern Tanzania. This is the most complete and authoritative treatment to date of the complex morphophonemics of the Ciyao verb, including the stem and derivational and inflexional endings. Dr. Ngungas monograph also contributes significantly to the linguistic documentation of Ciyao by providing an extraordinary collection of examples and two appendices listing nearly 3,000 Ciyao verbs.

Armindo Ngunga is an Assistant Professor of Linguistics and Dean at the Faculdade de Letras of the Universidade Eduardo Mondlane in Maputo, Mozambique. He obtained his Ph.D. in 1997 from the Department of Linguistics at the University of California, Berkley. He has published several aricles on the phonology and morphology of Ciyao.

List of Tables
List of Abbreviations and Symbols
Preface

1 Introduction
1.0 Introduction
1.1 The Ciyao language
1.2 The database
1.3 Previous works
1.4 Theoretical assumptions
1.5 Language overview

1.5.1 Segmental inventory and orthography

1.5.1.1 The vocalic phonemes
1.5.1.2 The consonantal phonemes

1.5.2 Notes on noun classes
1.5.3 Notes on syllable structure
1.5.4 Notes on tone

1.6 Organization of the study

2 Vowel Processes
2.0 Introduction
2.1 Derived vowel length

2.1.1 Fusion
2.1.2 Gliding
2.1.3 Deletion
2.1.4 Vowel plus preconsonantal moraic nasal (V+NC)
2.1.5 Vowel plus moraic nasal (V+N)
2.1.6 Moraic nasal plus vowel (N+V)
2.1.7 Vowel plus menclitics (V+Encl.)
2.1.8 Glide plus vowel (G+V)

2.2 Vowel harmony
2.3 Summary

3 Consonant Processes
3.0 Introduction
3.1 Consonant distribution
3.2 Nasal triggered consonant alterations

3.2.1 Consonant alternations after moraic nasal
3.2.2 Consonant alternations after syllabic nasal

3.3 Other alternations

3.3.1 ∅/j alternation
3.3.2 Palatalization
3.3.3 Frication

3.4 Summary

4 The Verb Structure
4.0 Introduction
4.1 The root

4.1.1 -(C)V(V)C- roots
4.1.2 Long roots
4.1.3 Short roots

4.2 The final vowel
4.3 The Stem

4.3.1 The Simplex stem
4.3.2 The Derivational stem
4.3.3 The Inflectional stem
4.3.4 The Reduplicated stem

4.3.4.1 Total reduplication
4.3.4.2 Partial reduplication
4.3.4.3 Reduplication of stems with -CV- roots

4.4 The inflectional prefixes

4.4.1 The affirmative forms
4.4.2 The negative forms

4.5 Defective verbs
4.6 Summary

5 The Derivational Stem
5.0 Introduction
5.1 The applicative extension (-il-/-el-)
5.2 The causative extension

5.2.1 The monophonemic suffix (-y-)
5.2.2 The polyphonemic suffix (-is-y-/-es-y-)
5.2.3 The polyphonemic suffix (-aas-y-)

5.3 The impositive extension (-ik-/-ek-)
5.4 The intensitive extension (-ik-/-ek-)
5.5 The passive extension

5.5.1 The monophonemic passive suffix (-w-)
5.2.2 The polyphonemic allomorph (-ig-w/-eg-w-)

5.6 The stative extension (-ik-/-ek-)
5.7 The reversive extension (-ul-/-ol-;-uk-/-ok-)
5.8 The reciprocal extension

5.8.1 The biphonemic allomorph (-an-)
5.8.2 The polyphonemic allomorph (-aangan-)
5.8.3 The polyphonemic allomorph (-agan-/-egan-)

5.9 Summary

6 Combination and Order of Dervational Suffixes
6.0 Introduction
6.1 Combination of suffixes after -CVC+- rootes

6.1.1 -(C)V(V)C- roots

6.1.1.1 Morphotactics and Semantics
6.1.1.2 Phonotactics
6.1.1.3 Morphosynatactics

6.1.2 Combinations of three suffixes after -CVC+- roots
6.1.3 Combinations of four suffixes after -CVC+- roots
6.1.4 Combinations of five suffixes after -CVC-+ roots
6.1.5 Combinations of six suffixes after -CVC-+ roots
6.1.6 Summary

6.2 Combination of suffixes after -CV- roots

6.2.2 Combinations of two suffixes after -CVC- roots
6.2.3 Combinations of three suffixes after -CVC- roots
6.2.4 Combinations of four suffixes after -CVC- roots

6.3 Summary

7 The Inflectional Stem
7.0 Introduction
7.1 Perfective formation

7.1.1 Regular perfective formation
7.1.2 Imbrication
7.1.3 Perfective formation of derived stems
7.1.4 Irregular perfective formation

7.2 The incompletive aspect

7.2.1 P1 incompletive forms of causitives
7.2.3 P1 incompletive forms of passive
7.2.4 Incompletive forms of irregular verbs

7.3 Summary

8 Summary

Reference
Appendix A: Verbs Derived from Other Parts of Speech
Appendix B: Lexicon of Ciyao-English Verbs

10/1/2000

Phonology and Morphology of the Ciyao Verb

Contents