Before GIS, there were McHarg’s overlay maps
Monday, May 7th, 2007Ian McHarg (1920-2001) founded the Department of Landscape Architecture at the University of Pennsylvania and in 1969 published his classic Design with Nature. Before computers were ubiquitous, it was difficult to store, process and display large amounts of spatial data. Many environmental and social factors were therefore ignored in planning highway and residential projects. McHarg devised a method to display multiple “factors,” such as water, forest, wildlife, residential, historic. He assigned each factor a value and created a map transparency for it, with dark tones signifying greatest value. By overlaying the transparencies on a topographic map, one could immediately grasp which areas should be preserved for agriculture, for example.
Nowadays, the same results are achieved by turning on multi-color GIS layers. But McHarg’s notions of how to balance conflicting values are as pertinent today as in 1969.
Copies of this classic work are at Falconer Biology Library, and at SAL 1-2.
In 1994, the Wiley Series in Sustainable Design published a 25th anniversary edition of the book.