Reference Methane Baselines:
The following Excel files contain the baselines for methane by sector for each region from 1990-2020. The data is in Gg of CH4 and MMTCE.
BASELINES
IN MMTCE
BASELINES IN Gg of CH 4
The following Word files contain suggested economic
drivers for estimating methane emissions. The drivers are taken from our
experience in producing bottom-up inventories and projections according
to IPCC good practice guidelines and from several published top-down multi-gas
studies, which include these methane emission estimates. While the information
is broken down by source category and may be too detailed for many models,
we felt it was important to illustrate the types of economic activities
that are associated with each source.
The table is divided by sector and gives options for
the types of data that emission factors can be tied to in order to estimate
emissions.The first column states
the source of the methane or nitrous oxide emissions.The
second briefly describes the source to give the modeler a better sense
of how the emission source relates to economic activity.The
third column gives suggested economic drivers (in order of preference)
for top-down economic models with 50 to 100 year time horizons.The
fourth column gives specific economic drivers for detail-rich, bottom-up
models.The last column gives the
source of the data used by EPA for modeling US projections for inventory
and other reporting purposes.Where
appropriate, columns are annotated to help make distinctions between developed
and developing countries and any other type of distinctions useful to adjusting
for regional differences or worldwide trends seen by emission/inventory
experts.
Marginal Abatement Curves (Macs)
The sector links below represent the five major methane
sources for which abatement cost data are available and allow you to download
a group of zipped spreadsheets for each sector. The "Total 5 Sectors" link
provides a sum of the five sectors, a list of the countries covered and
their regional groupings, as well as the Indicators.xls file which lists
country-specific energy prices.
SOLID
WASTE MANAGEMENT (zip file)
Files and Naming Convention (example for coal):
Below is a list of the files that should be un-zipped
for the coal sector. The other sectors have the same file types and follow
the same naming convention.
1) IMAC_Coal_C.xls Reports methane reference
emissions and MAC data in absolute reductions in million metric tons of
carbon equivalent (MMTCE) in the coal sector using a USD per ton of carbon
equivalent ($/TCE) scale.
2) IMAC_Coal_%TCE.xls Reports MAC data in percentage
reductions from the reference baseline in million metric tons of carbon
equivalent (MMTCE) in the coal sector using a $/TCE scale.
3) IMAC_Coal_CH4.xls Reports methane reference
emissions and MAC data in absolute reductions in Gigagrams (Gg) of methane
in the coal sector using a USD per ton of methane ($/TCH4) scale.
4) IMAC_Coal_%tCH4.xls Reports MAC data in
percentage reductions from the reference baseline in Gigagrams (Gg) of
methane in the coal sector using a $/TCH4 scale.
Notes for (3) and (4): 1 Gg of methane equals 1 Kiloton
(103 metric tons) of methane. The $/TCE and $/TCH4 are on different scales,
i.e., $10/TCE is not equal to $10/TCH4.
Contents of Each Spreadsheet:
Each spreadsheet represents a source sector (coal,
manure management, natural gas, oil, or solid waste management). The first
tab, IntroPage, provides notes on the use of the data. The second tab,
SectorBaselines, provides reference baseline emissions for 2000, 2010,
and 2020. The third tab, Sector Totals %, proves MAC data for all regions
as a global total for that sector in data tables for 2010 and 2020. Each
subsequent tab is a different region.
The MACs are represented in either percentage terms
or absolute terms. The data is reported in either $/TCE or $/TCH4 (both
in 2000 USD). MACs are constructed by applying the average cost of abatement
technologies to the country/regional baselines in that sector or sub-sector.
Each table presents MAC data according to a discount
rate and tax rate used to calculate the marginal cost of the abatement
technologies. The analysis is conducted for the following combinations
of discount and tax rates, respectively: from a social perspective 4
and 0 percent; 5 and 0 percent; 10 and 0 percent; and from various industry
perspectives 10 and 40 percent, 15 and 40 percent, and 20 and 40 percent.
Within each table, the MACs also vary according to
an energy price. The analysis tested the MAC sensitivity to changes in
base energy price (from 50% to +200%), both for electricity and natural
gas (see the Indicators.xls file for a detailed list of country-specific
energy prices).
The reference emissions are based on the following
reports:
1) USEPA. 2001. Emissions and Projections of Non-CO2
Greenhouse Gases for Developed Countries: 1990-2010. Office of Air and
Radiation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. Go to
www.epa.gov/ghginfo/reports/index.htm
2) USEPA 2002. Emissions
and Projections of Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases for Developing Countries: 1990-2020.
DRAFT. Office of Air and Radiation, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C. Note: This document is made available only to
those in the EMF 21 study. Please do not distribute further without contacting
EPA.
3) Various countries 3rd National Communications to
the UNFCCC. Go to www.unfccc.org.
Note: Many countries reported their emission projections
"with policies and measures", which in some cases made their projections
flatten out from 2000 to 2020. In order to report reference emissions,
i.e., without "with policies and measures" we adjusted the data. More information
is in the Methodology Memo, see below.
Technology Characteristics:
The following tables outline the technical and economic
characteristics of each technology (or each point) on the
methane and nitrous oxide MAC curve. The technical
characteristics include the type of energy recovered
(if applicable) and the reduction efficiency of the
technology. The economic characteristics include capital
costs, O&M rates and revenue generated from the technology.
The tables also include any adjustment factors (such as
labor rates or energy prices) used in the Net Present Value
calculations. The first tab, Intro, provides notes on the
use of the data and the definition of each variable. Each
subsequent tab is a different sector.
Each table presents break even price for each technology by
region according to a discount rate and tax rate used to
calculate the MAC curves. The analysis is conducted for the
following combinations of discount and tax rates,
respectively: from a social perspective 4 and 0 percent;
5 and 0 percent; 10 and 0 percent; and from various industry
perspectives 10 and 40 percent, 15 and 40 percent, and 20
and 40 percent.
Please read the following short Methodology Memo for further information. See Appendix A for a list of the abatement options used in each sector.
For Questions on the overall study, contact: Francisco
de la Chesnaye Phone: 202-564-0172; email: delachesnaye.francisco@epa.gov
For Questions on the methane data, contact: Casey
Delhotal Phone: 202-564-3529; Email: Delhotal.Casey@epa.gov
The team who worked on this data set includes: Casey
Delhotal, Francisco de la Chesnaye, & Elizabeth Scheehle (USEPA), Alexei
Sankovski (ICF Consulting), Judith Bates & Ann Gardner (AEA Technology),
and Chris Henricks (Ecofys).