**Updated February 2003**
Below is the Fluorinated Gas or High Global Warming Potential (HWGP) Gas data set for the EMF 21 study. The data provided includes reference emissions for 1990, 1995, 2000, 2010, and 2020 as well as the marginal abatement curves (MACs) for the defined regions in the study. This is a new, updated data set and ideally should replace the October 2002 data. Please see Updates to High-GWP for a description of the additions and updates to the high-GWP data and for a quantitative assessment of the changes. All monetary values are reported as 2000 US Dollars.
Reference emissions for 1990, 1995 and 2000 should be used to benchmark your model's emissions to those years. The MACs should be incorporated into your model for the multi-gas mitigation analysis based on the study's scenarios.
The links below represent total fluorinated gas emissions for which abatement cost data are available. The MACs and baselines for the fluorinated gases are presented in four levels of aggregation, each of which constitutes a complete set. Modelers who plan to evaluate short-term scenarios and therefore to model fluorinated gases using MMTCE and a single set of economic drivers will probably find the highest level of aggregation (1) sufficient. Modelers who plan to model fluorinated gases using the gases themselves (with their associated radiative efficiencies and atmospheric lifetimes) and/or two or more sets of economic drivers will probably find the second (2) or third (3) levels of aggregation more useful. Modelers who have requested sector-by-sector information can use (4), the most disaggregated set.
As discussed in more detail below under “Files and Naming Conventions,” each link connects to a zipped archive that generally contains four Excel files. Each of the four Excel file covers the same set of gases, but presents cost and reduction information in different terms. The exceptions are the archive for the “Total Fluorinated Gas Baselines and MACs,” which contains two files, and the archives for the “Sector-by-sector short-lived HFCs” and the “Sector-by-sector industrial gases,” which each contain 24 files (four for each sector).
The following are the baselines and MACs by gas group, from most to least aggregated:
1) TOTAL Fluorinated Gas Baselines and MACs (updated). These files, named “FTotal,” include all high-GWP gases emitted from industrial processes or during their use as substitutes for ozone-depleting substances. This includes HFCs, PFCs, and SF6.
2) Short-lived HFCs and long-lived fluorinated gases. This group consists of the following two sets of files:
a) Short-lived HFCs (ozone-depleting substitutes (updated). These files, named “HFC,” include all high-GWP gases emitted during their use as substitutes for ozone-depleting substances, including emissions from air conditioning and refrigeration equipment, foams, solvents, MDI and non-MDI aerosols, and fire extinguishing equipment. This includes primarily HFCs with lifetimes under 100 years.
b) Long-lived fluorinated gases (industrial gases) (updated). These files, named “Flong-lived,” include all high-GWP gases emitted from industrial processes, including HCFC-22, aluminum, magnesium, and semiconductor manufacture, and electrical equipment manufacture and use. This includes HFC-23, SF6, and the PFCs.
3) Short-lived HFCs, HFC-23, SF6, and PFCs. This group consists of the following four sets of files:
a) Short-lived HFCs (ozone-depleting substitutes (updated). These files, named “HFC,” are identical to the files in 2(a).
b) HFC-23 (updated). These files, named “HFC-23,” include all high-GWP emissions from the production of HCFC-22. All high-GWP emissions from this process consist of HFC-23.
c) SF6 (updated). These files, named “SF6,” include all high-GWP emissions from the production and processing of magnesium and from the manufacture and use of electrical equipment. All high-GWP emissions from these processes consist of SF6.
d) PFCs (updated). These files, named “PFC,” include all high-GWP gases emitted from aluminum and semiconductor manufacture, including CF4, C2F6, and C3F8 (all of which are PFCs), SF6, and HFC-23. SF6 and HFC-23 are estimated to make up less than 10% of total emissions from these sectors worldwide.
4) Sector-by-sector files. This set consists of the following two sets of files:
a) Sector-by-sector industrial gases (new). These files, named for their individual sectors, contain the baselines and MACs for each of the six industrial sectors, including HCFC-22, aluminum, magnesium, and semiconductor manufacture, and electrical equipment manufacture and use.
b) Sector-by- sector short-lived HFCs (new). These files, named for their individual sectors, contain the baselines and MACs for each of the six sectors that emit substitutes for ozone-depleting substances, including air conditioning and refrigeration equipment, foams, solvents, MDI and non-MDI aerosols, and fire extinguishing equipment.
Files and Naming
Convention:
Below is an example of the files provided for each gas set. This example is for the industrial gases. All but one of the other gas sets have the same file types and follow the same naming convention as the industrial set (e.g., replace “FLong-lived" in the file names with the gas set, such as “PFC”). The sole exception is the total fluorinated gas set (Ftotal), which contains only the two files expressed in terms of carbon equivalents.
1) IMAC_FLong-lived_C.xls Reports reference emissions and MAC data in absolute reductions in million metric tons of carbon equivalent (MMTCE) using a USD per ton of carbon equivalent ($/TCE) scale.
2) IMAC_FLong-lived_%TCE.xls Reports MAC data in percentage reductions from the reference baseline in million metric tons of carbon equivalent (MMTCE) using a $/TCE scale.
3) IMAC_Flong-lived_Gg.xls Reports reference emissions and MAC data in absolute reductions in Gigagrams (Gg) of SF6 using a USD per ton of SF6 ($/tofGas) scale. (Note that the representative gas, in this case SF6, varies depending on the gas set. For example, the representative gas for the short-lived HFCs is HFC-134a.)
4) IMAC_Flong-lived_%TofGas.xls Reports MAC data in percentage reductions from the reference baseline in Gigagrams (Gg) of SF6 using a $/TofGas scale.
Notes for (3) and (4): 1 Gg of a fluorinated gas equals 1 Kiloton (1000 metric tons) of the gas.
Because one ton of the gas is not equal to one ton of carbon equivalent, the $/TCE and $/T of Gas are on different scales, i.e., $10/TCE is not equal to $10/TofGas.
Contents of Each
Spreadsheet:
Each spreadsheet contains multiple tabs of data. The first tab, IntroPage, provides notes on the use of the data. The second tab, SectorBaselines, provides reference baseline emissions for 1990, 1995, 2000, 2010, and 2020. The third tab, World, provides MAC data for all regions as a global total for the gases in the set in data tables for 2010 and 2020. Each subsequent tab is a different region.
The MACs are represented in either percentage terms or absolute terms. The data is reported in either $/TCE or $/T of Gas (both in 2000 USD). MACs are constructed by applying the average cost of abatement technologies to the country/regional baselines in that sector or sub-sector.
Each table presents MAC data according to a discount rate and tax rate used to calculate the marginal cost of the abatement technologies. The analysis is conducted for the following discount and rate: from a social perspective – 4, 5 and 10 percent (all at 0 percent tax rate); and from various industry perspectives – 10, 15 and 20 percent (all at 40 percent tax rate).
The table is divided by sector and gives options for the types of data that emission factors can be tied to in order to estimate emissions. The first column states the source of the fluorinated gas emissions. The second briefly describes the source to give the modeler a better sense of how the emission source relates to economic activity. The third column gives suggested economic drivers (in order of preference) for top-down economic models with 50 to 100 year time horizons. The fourth column gives specific economic drivers for detail-rich, bottom-up models. Where appropriate, columns are annotated to help make distinctions between developed and developing countries and any other type of distinctions useful to adjusting for regional differences or worldwide trends seen by emissions inventory experts.
The reference emissions are revised estimates, based on the estimates provided by USEPA and IEA.
1) USEPA estimates will be available in a full report on fluorinated gases. DRAFT International Cost Analysis of Fluorinated Gases, USEPA, 2002.
2) IEA, Abatement of Other Greenhouse Gases – Engineered Chemicals, Report Number
PH3/35, February 2001.
Technology
Characteristics:
The following tables outline the technical and economic characteristics of each technology (or each point) on the MAC curves for the fluorinated gases. The technical characteristics include the reduction efficiency of the technology. The economic characteristics include capital costs, O&M rates and revenue generated (e.g., because of decreased gas purchase costs) from the technology. The tables also include any adjustment factors (such as labor rates or energy prices) used in the Net Present Value calculations. The first tab, “Intro”, provides notes on the use of the data and the definition of each variable. Each subsequent tab is a different sector.
Each table presents break even price for each technology by region according to a discount rate and tax rate used to calculate the MAC curves. The analysis is conducted for the following combinations of discount and tax rates, respectively: from a social perspective – 4 and 0 percent; 5 and 0 percent; 10 and 0 percent; and from various industry perspectives – 10 and 40 percent, 15 and 40 percent, and 20 and 40 percent.
Please review the following power point presentation explaining the methodology for calculating the MAC curves for further information.
For Questions on the overall study, contact: Francisco de la Chesnaye
Phone: 202-564-0172; Email: delachesnaye.francisco@epa.gov
For Questions on the fluorinated gas data, contact: Debbie Ottinger Phone: 202-564-9149; Email: Ottinger.Deborah@epa.gov
The team who worked on this data set includes: Debbie Ottinger, Dave Godwin and Casey Delhotal (USEPA), Marian Martin Van Pelt and Diana Pape (ICF Consulting) and Jochen Harnish (Ecofys).