Margaret L. Brandeau

Professor,
Management Science and Engineering
Medicine (by Courtesy)
Deputy Chair, Management Science and Engineering

Office: Terman 407
Phone: 650.725.1623
Fax: 650.723.1614
Email: brandeau @ stanford.edu

Publications

HIV and Drug Abuse: Cost Effectiveness of Interventions
Investigators: Margaret L. Brandeau, PhD, James G. Kahn, MD, MPH,
Edward H. Kaplan, PhD, Douglas K. Owens, MD, MS, A. David Paltiel, PhD, Gregory S. Zaric, PhD
Supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health

HIV Prevention
HIV Screening
Substance Abuse
HIV Treatment
Evaluation of Potential Vaccine Programs
Economic and Policy Analysis
Resource Allocation
Quality of Life
Books

1. HIV Prevention

1. Kaplan EH, Abramson PR. So what if the program ain't perfect? A mathematical model of AIDS education. Eval Rev. 1989;13:107-122.

2. Kahn JG, Luft H, Smith MD. HIV risk adjustment: Issues and proposed approaches. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1995;8(Suppl):S53-S66.

3. McFarland W, Kahn JG, Katzenstein D, Mvere D, Shamu R. Deferral of blood donors with risk factors for HIV infection saves lives and money in Zimbabwe. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1995;9:183-192.

4. Kahn JG. The cost-effectiveness of HIV prevention targeting: How much more bang for the buck? Am J Public Health. 1996;86(12):1709-1712.

5. Richter A, Brandeau ML, Owens DK. Policy analysis of preventive HIV interventions targeted to adolescents: An application of STELLA. Proceedings of the 1996 Western Multiconference: Simulation in the Medical Sciences Conference. Society for Computer Simulation, San Diego, 1996, 55-63.

6. Kahn JG, Gurvey J, Pollack LM, Binson D, Catania JA. How many HIV infections cross the bisexual bridge? AIDS. 1997;11:1031-1037.

7. Kaplan EH. Snapshot samples. Socio-Econ Plann Sci. 1997;31:281-291.

8. Kahn JG. Economic evaluation of primary HIV prevention in intravenous drug users. In: Holtgrave DR, ed. Handbook of Economic Evaluation of HIV Prevention Programs. New York: Plenum Press; 1998:45-62.

9. Marseille EA, Kahn JG, Saba J. The cost-effectiveness of antiviral drug therapy to reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. AIDS. 1998;12:939-948.

10. Kahn JG, Brindis CD, Glei DA. Pregnancies and pregnancy consequences averted by the use of contraceptives in U.S. teens. Fam Plann Perspect. 1999;31:29-34.

11. Kahn JG, Pinkerton SD, Paltiel AD. Postexposure prophylaxis following HIV exposure. J Amer Med Assoc. 1999;281:1269-1270.

12. Kaplan EH, Brookmeyer R. Snapshot estimators of recent HIV incidence rates. Operations Research. 1999;47:29-37.

13. Marseille EA, Kahn JG, Mmiro F, et al. Cost effectiveness of single-dose nevirapine regimen for mothers and babies to decrease vertical HIV-1 transmission in sub-Saharan Africa. Lancet. 1999;354:803-809.

14. Heumann KS, Marx R, Lawrence SJ, et al. Cost-effectiveness of prevention referrals for high-risk HIV negatives in San Francisco. AIDS Care. 2001;13:637-642.

15. Kahn JG, Kegeles SM, Hays R, Beltzer N. The cost-effectiveness of the Mpowerment Project, a community-level intervention for young gay men. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2001;27:482-491.

16. Kahn JG, Marseille E, Saba J. Feeding strategies for children of HIV-infected mothers: Modeling the trade-off between HIV infection and non-HIV mortality. In: Kaplan EH, Brookmeyer R, eds. Quantitative Evaluation of HIV Prevention Programs. New Haven: Yale University Press; 2001:249-271.

17. Marseille EA, Kahn JG, McGrail L. Cost and public health impact of scaling up prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV activities in Uganda: A briefing document. San Francisco: University of California; 2001.

18. Marseille EA, Kahn JG, Billinghurst K, Saba J. Cost-effectiveness of the female condom in preventing HIV and STDs in commercial sex workers in rural South Africa. Soc Sci Med. 2001;52:135-148.

19. Marseille EA, Hofmann PB, Kahn JG. HIV prevention before HAART in Sub-Saharan Africa. Lancet. 2002;359(9320):1851-1856.

20. Pinkerton SD, Kahn JG, Holtgrave DR. Cost-effectiveness of community-level approaches to HIV prevention: A review. J Primary Prevention. 2002;23:175-198.

21. Kahn JG. Assessing the efficiency of HIV prevention around the world: Methods of the PANCEA project. Health Serv Res. 2004;39:1993-2012.

22. Marseille EA, Dandona L, Saba J, et al. Assessing the efficiency of HIV prevention around the world: Methods of the PANCEA project. Health Serv Res. 2004;39:1993-2012.

23. Dandona L, Sisodia P, Kumar SG, et al. HIV prevention programmes for female sex workers in Andhra Pradesh, India: outputs, cost and efficiency. BMC Public Health. 2005;5(Sep 24):98.

24. Kahn JG, Marseille EA, Auvert B. Cost-effectiveness of male circumcision for HIV prevention in a South African setting. PLoS Medicine. 2006;3(12):e517.

25. Marseille EA, Kahn JG, Gaist P. The cost and efficiency of HIV prevention programs in five countries. Under review. 2006.

26. Marshall N, Kahn JG, Bertozzi S, Marseille EA. The effectiveness of HIV prevention interventions in developing and transitional countries: A systematic review. Under review. 2006.

27. Armbruster B, Brandeau ML. Who do you know? A simulation study of infectious disease control through contact tracing. Proceedings of the 2007 Western Multiconference on Computer Simulation. Society for Computer Simulation, San Diego, 2007:79-85.

28. Armbruster B, Brandeau ML. Contact tracing to control infectious disease: When enough is enough. Under review. 2007.

29. Long EF, Vaidya N, Brandeau ML. Controlling co-epidemics: Analysis of HIV and tuberculosis infection dynamics. Under review. 2007.

30. Mesesan K, Owens DK, Paltiel AD. The potential benefits of expanded male circumcision programs in Africa: Predicting the population-level impact on heterosexual transmission in Soweto [Abstract]. Paper presented at: Proceedings of the XVI International AIDS Conference; August 13-18, 2006; Toronto, Canada.

31. Kahn JG, Auvert BA, Lioznov D, Marseille EA. Adult male circumcision as HIV prevention: Implications for Russia [Abstract]. Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on AIDS, Cancer and Public Health, St. Petersburg, Russia; May 28-June 1, In press.

32. Kahn JG, Marseille E, Auvert B. Cost-effectiveness of male circumcision in sub-Saharan Africa [Abstract]. Proceedings of the XVI International AIDS Conference, Toronto, Canada; In press.

2. HIV Screening

33. Brandeau ML, Lee HL, Owens DK, Sox CH, Wachter RM. A policy model of human immunodeficiency virus screening and intervention. Interfaces. 1991;21:5-25.

34. Brandeau ML, Lee HL, Owens DK, Sox CH, Wachter RM. Modeling human immunodeficiency virus screening and intervention: Analysis of screening policies to reduce HIV transmission to newborns. Interfaces. 1991;21:5-25.

35. Brandeau ML, Owens DK, Sox CH, Wachter RM. Screening women of childbearing age for human immunodeficiency virus: A cost-benefit analysis. Arch Intern Med. 1992;152(11):2229-2237.

36. Brandeau ML, Owens DK, Sox CH, Wachter RM. Screening women of childbearing age for human immunodeficiency virus: A model-based policy analysis. Manage Sci. 1993;39(1):72-92.

37. Owens DK, Nease RF, Harris RA. Screening for HIV infection in acute-care settings: determinants of cost-effectiveness. Med Decis Making. 1993;13(395).

38. Lurie P, Avins AL, Phillips KA, Kahn JG, Lowe RA, Ciccarone D. The cost-effectiveness of voluntary counseling and testing of hospital inpatients for HIV infection. J Amer Med Assoc. 1994;272:1832-1838.

39. Phillips KA, Lowe RA, Kahn JG, Lurie P, Avins AL, Ciccarone D. The cost-effectiveness of HIV testing of physicians and dentists in the United States. J Amer Med Assoc. 1994;271:851-858.

40. Owens DK, Harris RA, Scott PM, Nease RF. Screening surgeons for HIV infection: A cost-effectiveness analysis. Ann Intern Med. 1995;122(9):641-652.

41. Owens DK, Nease RF, Harris RA. Cost-effectiveness of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening in acute-care settings. Arch Intern Med. 1996;156:394-404.

42. Paltiel AD, Kaplan EH. The cost-effectiveness of HIV screening: Accounting for differential participation rates. Med Decis Making. 1997;17:490-495.

43. Owens DK. Economic evaluations of HIV screening. In: Holtgrave DR, ed. Handbook of Economic Evaluation of HIV Prevention Programs. New York: Plenum Press; 1998:81-101.

44. Owens DK, Brandeau ML, Sox CH. Effect of relapse to high-risk behavior on the costs and benefits of a program to screen women for human immunodeficiency virus. Interfaces. 1998;28(3):52-74.

45. Elbeik T, Charlebois E, Nassos P, et al. Quantitative and cost comparison of ultrasensitive human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA viral load assays: Bayer bDNA quantiplex versions 3.0 and 2.0 and Roche PCR Amplicor monitor version 1.5. J Clin Microbiol. 2000;38(3):1113-1120.

46. Kaplan EH, Satten GA. Repeat screening for HIV: When to test and why. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2000;23:339-345.

47. Zaric GS, Bayoumi AM, Brandeau ML, Owens DK. The cost effectiveness of voluntary prenatal and routine newborn HIV screening in the United States. J AIDS Hum Retrovirology. 2000;25:403-416.

48. Bautista S, McConell C, Aracena B, Kahn JG, Bertozzi S. Predictors of efficiency in HIV voluntary counseling and testing programs in Mexico. Paper presented at: Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on AIDS, 2004.

49. Dandona L, Sisodia P, Ramesh YK, et al. Cost and efficiency of HIV voluntary counselling and testing centres in Andhra Pradesh, India. Natl Med J India. 2005;18(1):26-31.

50. Paltiel AD, Weinstein MC, Kimmel AD, et al. Expanded screening for HIV in the United States: An analysis of cost effectiveness. New Engl J Med. 2005;352:586-595.

51. Resch S, Altice FL, Paltiel AD. Cost-effectiveness of HIV screening for incarcerated pregnant women. J AIDS. 2005;38:163-173.

52. Sanders GD, Bayoumi AM, Sundaram V, et al. Cost effectiveness of screening for HIV in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. New Engl J Med. 2005;352:32-47.

53. Walensky RP, Weinstein MC, Kimmel AD, et al. Routine HIV testing: An economic evaluation of current guidelines. Am J Med. 2005;118:292-300.

54. McConnel CE, Stanley N, Duplessis J-A, et al. The cost of a rapid test VCT clinic in South Africa. S African Med J. 2005;95:968-971.

55. Paltiel AD, Walensky RP, Schackman BR, et al. Expanded HIV screening in the United States: Effect on clinical outcomes, HIV transmission, and costs. Ann Intern Med. 2006;145(11):797-806.

56. Walensky RP, Paltiel AD. Rapid HIV testing at home: Does it solve a problem or create one? Ann Intern Med. 2006;145:797-806.

57. Owens DK, Sundaram V, Lazzeroni LC, et al. HIV testing and screening in an integrated health care system. J Gen Intern Med. 2007;22:315-320.

58. Armbruster B, Brandeau ML. Optimal mix of screening and contact tracing for endemic diseases. Math Biosci. 2007:209; 386-402 .

59. Owens DK, Sundaram V, Lazzeroni LC, et al. The prevalence of HIV-1 infection among inpatients and outpatients in Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care Systems: implications for screening programs for HIV. Am J Pub Health. (In press).

60. Walensky RP, Freedberg KA, Weinstein MC, Paltiel AD. Cost-effectiveness of HIV screening and care in the United States. Clin Inf Dis. (In press).

61. Paltiel AD, Walensky RP, Schackman BR, et al. The clinical and preventive value of expanded HIV screening [Abstract]. Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on AIDS, Cancer and Public Health, St. Petersburg, Russia; May 28-June 1; In press.

62. Sanders GD, Anaya H, Asch S, et al. Cost effectiveness of rapid HIV testing with streamlined counseling [Abstract]. Proceedings of the 4th International AIDS Society Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention, Sydney, Australia; July 22-25, 2007; In press.

63. Sanders GD, Bayoumi AM, Holodniy M, Owens DK. Cost effectiveness of screening for HIV in older patients in the U.S. [Abstract]. Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on AIDS, Cancer and Public Health, St. Petersburg, Russia; May 28-June 1, In press.

64. Sanders GD, Bayoumi AM, Owens DK. Cost effectiveness of HIV screening with streamlined counseling [Abstract]. Med Decis Making. In press.

65. Tole SP, Sanders GD, Bayoumi AM, et al. The cost effectiveness of HIV screening in Russia [Abstract]. Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on AIDS, Cancer and Public Health, St. Petersburg, Russia; May 28-June 1, In press.

3. Substance Abuse

66. Kaplan EH, O'Keefe E. Let the needles do the talking! Evaluating the New Haven needle exchange. Interfaces. Jan-Feb 1993;23(1):7-26.

67. Kaplan EH. Economic analysis of needle exchange. AIDS. 1995;9(10):1113-1119.

68. Caulkins JP, Kaplan EH, Lurie P, O'Connor T, Ahn S-H. Can difficult-to-reuse syringes reduce the spread of HIV among IDUs? Interfaces. 1998;28:23-33.

69. Dolan K, Wodak A, Hall W, Kaplan EH. A mathematical model of HIV transmission in New South Wales prisons. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1998;50:197-202.

70. Bluthenthal RN, Lorvick J, Kral AH, Erringer EA, Kahn JG. Collateral damage in the war on drugs: HIV risk behaviors among injection drug users. Int J Drug Policy. 1999;10:25-38.

71. Johri M, Kaplan EH. Treatment on demand: An operational model. Health Care Manage Sci. 2000;3:171-183.

72. Zaric GS, Barnett PG, Brandeau ML. HIV transmission and the cost effectiveness of methadone maintenance. Am J Public Health. 2000;90:1100-1111.

73. Zaric GS, Brandeau ML, Barnett PG. Methadone maintenance treatment and HIV prevention: A cost effectiveness analysis. Manage Sci. 2000;25:1013-1031.

74.Barnett PG, Zaric GS, Brandeau ML. The cost effectiveness of buprenorphine maintenance therapy for opiate addiction in the United States. Addiction. 2001;96:1267-1278.

75. Wilson A, Kahn J. Preventing HIV in injection drug users: Exploring the tradeoffs between interventions. Socio-Econ Plan Sci. 2003;37(4):269-288.

76. Wilson A, Kahn J. Preventing HIV in injection drug users: Choosing the best mix of interventions for the population. J Urban Health. 2003;80(3):465-481.

77. Zaric GS. Modeling the costs and effects of maintenance treatment for opiate addiction. In: Brandeau ML, Sainfort F, Pierskalla WP, eds. Operations Research and Health Care: Methods and Applications. Norwell, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 2004:333-361.

78. Wilson AR, Kahn JG, Oren SS. Targeting interventions to high-risk populations: Benefits and costs. Socio-Econ Plann Sci. 2005;39:335-349.

79. Kahn JG, Stump D, Davis T, et al. Effects of treatment on demand: Funding and use of substance abuse treatment in San Francisco, 1995-1999. Working Paper. 2007.

4. HIV Treatment

80. Paltiel AD, Kaplan EH. Modeling zidovudine therapy: A cost-effectiveness analysis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1991;4(8):795-804.

81. Scharfstein JA, Paltiel AD, Freedberg KA. The cost-effectiveness of fluconazole prophylaxis against primary systemic fungal infections in AIDS patients. Med Decis Making. 1997;17:373-381.

82. Freedberg KA, Paltiel AD. Cost-effectiveness of prophylaxis for opportunistic infections in AIDS: An overview and methodologic discussion. PharmacoEconomics. 1998;14:165-174.

83. Freedberg KA, Scharfstein JA, Seage GR, 3rd, et al. The cost-effectiveness of preventing AIDS-related opportunistic infections. J Amer Med Assoc. 1998;279:130-136.

84. Kaplan EH. To treat or not to treat? Nature Med. 1998;4:664-665.

85. Paltiel AD, Freedberg KA. The cost-effectiveness of preventing cytomegalovirus disease in AIDS patients. Interfaces. 1998;28:34-51.

86. Paltiel AD, Scharfstein JA, Seage GR, et al. A Monte Carlo simulation of advanced HIV disease: Application to prevention of CMV infection. Med Decis Making. 1998;18 suppl:S93-S105.

87. Zaric GS, Brandeau ML, Bayoumi AM, Owens DK. The effect of protease inhibitors on the spread of HIV and the development of drug resistance: A simulation study. Simulation. 1998;71(4):262-275.

88. Zaric GS, Brandeau ML, Bayoumi AM, Owens DK. Simulating the effects of protease inhibitors on the HIV epidemic: Treatment, compliance, and drug resistance. In: Anderson J, Katzper M, eds. Proceedings of the 1998 Medical Sciences Simulation Conference. 1998 Western Multiconference. Society for Computer Simulation, San Diego, 1998:65-72.

89. Scharfstein JA, Paltiel AD, Weinstein MC, et al. The cost-effectiveness of prophylaxis for Mycobacterium avium complex in AIDS. Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 1999;15:531-547.

90. Freedberg KA, Losina E, Weinstein MC, et al. The cost-effectiveness of combination antiretroviral therapy for HIV disease. New Engl J Med. 2001;344(11):824-831.

91. Kahn JG, Haile B, Kates J, Chang S. The health and federal budgetary effects of expanding Medicaid to increase access to antiretroviral medications for HIV. Am J Public Health. 2001;91:1464-1473.

92. Paltiel AD, Goldie SJ, Losina E, et al. A pre-evaluation of clinical trial data: The case of pre-emptive CMV therapy in HIV. Clin Inf Dis. 2001;32:783-793.

93. Tchetgen E, Friedland G, Kaplan EH. The public health consequences of screening patients for adherence to HAART. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2001;26:118-129.

94. Yazdanpanah Y, Chêne G, Losina E, et al. Incidence of primary opportunistic infections in two HIV-infected French clinical cohorts. Int J Epidemiol. 2001;30(4):864-871.

95. Goldie SJ, Kaplan JE, Losina E, et al. Prophylaxis for HIV-related Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP): Using simulation modeling to inform clinical guidelines. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162(8):921-928.

96. Johri M, Paltiel AD, Goldie SJ, Freedberg KA. State AIDS Drug Assistance Programs (ADAPs): Equity and efficiency in an era of rapidly changing treatment standards. Med Care. 2002;40(5):429-441.

97. Kahn JG, Zhang X, Cross LT, Palacio H, Birkhead GS, Morin S. Access to and use of HIV antiretroviral therapy: Variation by race/ethnicity in two public insurance programs in the United States. Public Health Rep. 2002;117(3):252-262.

98. Goldie SJ, Paltiel AD, Weinstein MC, et al. Projecting the cost-effectiveness of adherence interventions in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Am J Med. 2003;115(8):632-641.

99. McCormick AW, Walensky RP, Lipsitch M, et al. The effect of antiretroviral therapy on secondary transmission of HIV among men who have sex with men 2005.

100. Kahn JG, Marseille EA. The cost of anti-retroviral therapy in the developing world: A review. Under review. 2006.

101. Long EF, Brandeau ML, Galvin CM, et al. Slowing the HIV epidemic in St. Petersburg, Russia: Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of expanded antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 2006;20:2207-2215.

102. Marseille EA, Kahn JG, Sowedi M, Saba J. The costs and benefits of private sector provision of treatment to HIV-infected employees in Kampala, Uganda. AIDS. 2006;20:907-914.

103. Marseille EA, Fowler M, Weidle P, Sansom S, Jamieson D. The cost-effectiveness of three regimens to reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV when followed by highly-active antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited countries. Under review. 2006.

104. Walensky RP, Paltiel AD, Losina E, et al. Three million years of life saved: The survival benefits of AIDS treatment in the United States. J Infect Dis. 2006;194:11-19.

105. Zaric GS, Bayoumi AM, Brandeau ML, Owens DK. The cost effectiveness of strategies to improve adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Med Decis Making. In press.

106. Bendavid E, Young SD, Sanders GD, Owens DK. Cost effectiveness of HIV monitoring in resource-constrained settings [Abstract]. Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on AIDS, Cancer and Public Health, St. Petersburg, Russia; May 28-June 1, In press.

107. Long EF, Brandeau ML, Galvin CM, Vinichenko TN, Sanders GD, Owens DK. Evaluating the cost effectiveness of expanding antiretroviral therapy (ARV) in Russia and the effect of reduced ARV price [Abstract]. Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on AIDS, Cancer and Public Health, St. Petersburg, Russia; May 28-June 1, In press.

108. McCormick AW, Walensky RP, Lipsitch M, et al. The effect of antiretroviral therapy on secondary transmission of HIV among men who have sex with men [Abstract]. Proceedings of the XVI International AIDS Conference, Toronto, Canada; In press.

5. Evaluation of Potential Vaccine Programs

109. Edwards DM, Shachter RD, Owens DK. A dynamic HIV-transmission model for evaluating the costs and benefits of vaccine programs. Interfaces. 1998;28:144-166.

110. Owens DK, Edwards DE, Shachter RD. Population effects of preventive and therapeutic HIV vaccines in early- and late-stage epidemics. AIDS. 1998;12:1057-1066.

111. Owens DK, Edwards DM, Shachter RD. Costs and benefits of imperfect HIV vaccines: Implications for vaccine development and use. In: Kaplan EH, Brookmeyer R, eds. Quantitative Evaluation of HIV Prevention Programs. New Haven: Yale University Press; 2001:185-207.

112. Owens DK, Edwards D, Cavallaro JF, Shachter R. The cost effectiveness of partially effective HIV vaccines. In: Brandeau ML, Sainfort F, Pierskalla WP, eds. Operations Research and Health Care: Methods and Applications. Norwell, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 2004:403-418.

113. Walensky RP, Paltiel AD, Goldie SJ, et al. A therapeutic HIV vaccine: How good is good enough? Vaccine. 2004;22(29-30):4044-4053.

114. Mesesan K, Owens DK, Vardas E, Gray G, McIntyre J, Paltiel AD. Predicting the effect of a partially effective HIV vaccine and subsequent risk behavior change on the heterosexual HIV epidemic in developing countries: a South African example [Abstract]. Program and Abstracts of the 13th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections; Feb 5-8, 2006; Denver, CO.

6. Economic and Policy Analysis

115. Paltiel AD, Kaplan EH. The epidemiological and economic consequences of AIDS clinical trials. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1993;6(2):179-190.

116. Paltiel AD. Timing is of the essence. Matching AIDS policy to the epidemic life cycle. In: Kaplan EH, Brandeau ML, eds. Modeling the AIDS Epidemic: Planning, Policy, and Prediction. New York, NY: Raven Press; 1994:53-71.

117. Kahn JG, Sanstad KH. The role of cost-effectiveness analysis in assessing HIV prevention. AIDS Public Policy J. 1997;12:21-30.

118. Owens DK, Nease RF. A normative analytic framework for development of practice guidelines for specific clinical populations. Med Decis Making. 1997;17:409-426.

119. Owens DK, Shachter RD, Nease RF. Representation and analysis of medical decision problems with influence diagrams. Med Decis Making. 1997;17:241-262.

120. Brandeau ML. AIDS policy modeling: A social role for operations research. Ricerca Operativa. 1998;27:5-33.

121. Kahn JG, Brandeau ML, Dunn-Mortimer J. Operations research modeling and AIDS policy: From theory to practice. Interfaces. 1998;28:3-22.

122. Kaplan EH. Economic evaluation and HIV prevention community planning - A policy analyst's perspective. In: Holtgrave DR, ed. Handbook of Economic Evaluation of HIV Prevention Programs. New York: Plenum Press; 1998:177-193.

123. Owens DK. Interpretation of cost-effectiveness analyses. J Gen Intern Med. 1998;13:716-717.

124. Kahn JG, Marseille E. Fighting global AIDS: The value of cost-effectiveness analysis. AIDS. 2000;14:2609-2610.

125. Paltiel AD. Remarks on the role of economic modeling. Sex Transm Dis. 2000;27:610-616.

126. Troche CJ, Paltiel AD, Makuch R. Evaluation of therapeutic strategies: A new method of balancing risk and benefit. Value Health. 2000;3:12-22.

127. Paltiel AD. Model-based drug evaluation in chronic disease: Promise, pitfalls, and positioning. Drug Inf J. 2001;35:131-139.

128. Rauner M, Brandeau ML. AIDS policy modeling for the 21st century: An overview of key issues. Health Care Manage Sci. 2001;4:165-180.

129. Ruiz M, Gable A, Kaplan EH, Stoto M, Fineberg H, Trussell J, eds. No Time to Lose: Getting More from HIV prevention. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 2001.

130. Kahn JG, Marseille E. A saga in international policy modeling: Mother-to-child HIV transmission in the developing world. J Policy Analysis and Management. 2002;21(3).

131. Morin SF, Sengupta S, Cozen M, et al. Responding to racial and ethnic disparities in use of HIV drugs: Analysis of state policies. Public Health Rep. 2002;117(3):263-272.

132. Owens DK, ed. Medical Decision Making - Special Supplement: Public Health Decision Making; 2002.

133. Owens DK. Analytic tools for public-health decision making. Med Decis Making. 2002;22(Suppl):S3-S10.

134. Brandeau ML, Sainfort F, Pierskalla WP. Health care delivery: current problems and future challenges. In: Brandeau ML, Sainfort F, Pierskalla WP, eds. Operations Research and Health Care: Methods and Applications. Norwell, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 2004:1-14.

135. Dandona L, Sisodia P, Prasad TLN, et al. Cost and efficiency of public sector sexually transmitted infection clinics in Andhra Pradesh, India. BMC Health Services Research. 2005;5:69.

136. Brandeau ML, Long EF, Hutton DW, Owens DK. Optimal spending on HIV prevention and treatment: A framework for evaluating the cost-effectiveness of HIV prevention and treatment programs with example application to The India AIDS Initiative. In: Lim GJ, Lee EK, eds. Optimization in Medicine and Biology: Taylor and Francis Publishers; In press.

7. Resource Allocation

137. Friedrich CM, Brandeau ML. Using simulation to find optimal funding levels for HIV prevention programs with different costs and effectiveness. In: Katzper M, Anderson JG, eds. Proceedings of the 1998 Medical Sciences Simulation Conference. Society for Computer Simulation, San Diego, 1998:58-64.

138. Kaplan EH, Pollack H. Allocating HIV prevention resources. Socio-Econ Plann Sci. 1998;32(4):257-263.

139. Paltiel AD, Stinnett AA. Resource allocation and the funding of HIV prevention. In: Holtgrave DR, ed. Handbook of Economic Evaluation of HIV Prevention Programs. New York: Plenum Press; 1998:135-152.

140. Richter A, Brandeau ML, Owens DK. An analysis of optimal resource allocation for HIV prevention among injection drug users and nonusers. Med Decis Making. 1999;19(2):167-179.

141. Brandeau ML. Difficult choices, urgent needs: Optimal investment in HIV prevention programs. In: Kaplan EH, Brookmeyer R, eds. Quantitative Evaluation of HIV Prevention Programs. New Haven: Yale University Press; 2001:128-153.

142. Brandeau ML. Resource allocation for epidemic control. In: Floudas C, Pardalos P, eds. Encyclopedia of Optimization. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 2001.

143. Zaric GS, Brandeau ML. Optimal investment in a portfolio of HIV prevention programs. Med Decis Making. 2001;21:391-408.

144. Zaric GS, Brandeau ML. Resource allocation for epidemic control over short time horizons. Math Biosci. 2001;171:33-58.

145. Zaric GS, Brandeau ML. Dynamic resource allocation for epidemic control in multiple populations. IMA J Math Appl Med Biol. Dec 2002;19(4):235-255.

146. Brandeau ML, Zaric GS, Richter A. Optimal resource allocation for epidemic control among multiple independent populations: Beyond cost effectiveness analysis. J Health Econ. 2003;22:575-598.

147. Lasry A, Zaric GS, Carter MW. Resource allocation for HIV prevention in a multi-level decision making framework. Paper presented at: Proceedings of Operations Research Applied to Health Services Meeting, 2003; Prague, Czech Republic.

148. Zaric GS. Resource allocation for control of infectious disease epidemics. Comments on Theoretical Biology. 2003;8:475-496.

149. Brandeau ML. Allocating resources to control infectious diseases. In: Brandeau ML, Sainfort F, Pierskalla WP, eds. Operations Research and Health Care: Methods and Applications. Norwell, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 2004:443-464.

150. Brandeau ML, Zaric GS, Friedrich CM. What's the program worth? Analysis of optimal investment in HIV prevention programs. Working Paper. 2007.

151. Brandeau ML, Zaric GS, de Angelis V. Improved allocation of HIV prevention resources: Using information about program effectiveness. Health Care Manage Sci. 2005;8:19-28.

152. Walensky RP, Weinstein MC, Smith HE, Freedberg KA, Paltiel AD. Optimal allocation of testing dollars: The example of HIV counseling, testing, and referral. Med Decis Making. 2005;25(3):321-329.

153. Martin E, Pollack H, Paltiel A. Resource allocation in the Ryan White CARE Act: Correlates of Title I and Title II Funding from 1998 to 2004. Health Affairs. 2006;25(1103-12).

154. Zaric GS, Brandeau ML. A little planning goes a long way: Multi-level allocation of HIV prevention resources. Med Decis Making. 2007;27:71-81.

155. Lasry A, Zaric GS, Carter MW. Multi-level resource allocation for HIV prevention: a model for developing countries. European J Oper Res. (In press).

156. Lasry A, Zaric GS, Carter MW. What factors influence the funding of HIV/AIDS programs in kwaDukuza? [Abstract]. XVI International AIDS Conference, 2006; Toronto, Canada.

157. Lasry A, Zaric GS, Carter MW. Funding HIV prevention in developing countries: equity vs. efficiency [Abstract]. XVI International AIDS Conference, 2006; Toronto, Canada.

158. Zaric GS, Brandeau ML. Allocating HIV prevention funds at national and local levels [Abstract]. Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on AIDS, Cancer and Public Health, St. Petersburg, Russia; May 28-June 1, In press.

8. Quality of Life

159. Owens DK, Cardinalli AB, Nease RF, Jr. Physicians' assessments of the utility of health states associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Qual Life Res. 1997;6:77-86.

160. Honiden S, Sundaram V, Nease RF, et al. The effect of diagnosis with HIV infection on health-related quality of life. Qual Life Res. 2006;15(1):69-82.

9. Books

161. Kaplan EH, Brandeau ML, eds. Modeling the AIDS Epidemic: Planning, Policy, and Prediction. New York, NY: Raven Press; 1994.

162. Kaplan EH, Brookmeyer R, eds. Quantitative Evaluation of HIV Prevention Programs. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; 2001.

163. Brandeau ML, Sainfort F, Pierskalla WP, eds. Operations Research and Health Care: A Handbook of Methods and Applications. Norwell, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 2004.