Before

•Identify goals and ground rules

•Review class materials, noting difficult issues or potential problems

•Prepare a variety of questions

•Plan various strategies for teaching

•warm-ups

•small group work

During

•Explain ground rules and expectations

•Generate discussion by:

•asking questions

•having students ask questions

•having students assigned to introduce material

•breaking into pairs or groups

•Vary the kinds of questions you ask

•Exploratory questions

•Relational questions

•Cause and effect questions

•Diagnostic questions

•Action questions

•Hypothetical questions

•Listen carefully and provide paraphrases and positive feedback

•Keep discussion focused/return to key issues

•Encourage students to participate: call on students/assign roles

•Keep dominating students under control

•Ask for students' questions

•Give students time to think

•Limit your desire to lecture

•Help students evaluate what's been accomplished

•Provide closure through summary or handout

•Prepare students for next class session

After

•Reflect on class discussion

•Determine responses to problem areas/confusions

•Identify links, if any, to next class topic