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It is commonplace in the analysis of the meaning contribution of a linguistic
unit such as a sentence to split the information into Given information and
New information (e.g. "Today for my breakfast I had ... waffles",
in which only "waffles" is New information). It is possible for a
sentence to be all-New, but all-Given sentences are (by definition) uninformative,
and therefore have only specialized or restricted usages. Each sentence has an opportunity to present New information, or at least highlighted
information. A common strategy in advertising language is to use very short
potential utterances as sentences, to maximize the amount of highlighted information
that is being presented. (See also Leech 1966 on 'disjunctive syntax'.) 47Dodge:
"Everything has its place. Behind you." (InStyle, August
2002) 41Riders:
"Jeans that fit. Beautifully." (Glamour, August 2002) In the first example here, the prepositional phrase "Behind you"
is presented at a separate unit, and in the second, the adverb "Beautifully"
has the same status. Let us consider the examples as single utterances: "Everything has its place behind you." "Jeans that fit beautifully." These do not have the same meanings as the original Texts. Just looking at
the jeans example, the original asserts that these are jeans that fit (implying
they fit well), presenting the verb "fit" as New information, then
following up with the further New information that the jeans fit beautifully.
In the revised version, only "beautifully" is New information. Additionally,
by segmenting the first utterance in the original as "Jeans that fit",
the advertisement authors create the implication that there may be jeans that
do not fit (well), due to the Principle of Relevance. We explore the Organization of 47 Dodge further in Unit
7. In the Riders jeans example, the first "sentence" is a noun phrase
(e.g., part of "These are [jeans that fit]."), and the second is an
adverb. None of these usages are peculiar to advertising language; one can easily
imagine the following regular conversations, where such words are phrases function
as complete utterances: A: Look out! A: How do they fit? The given-new organization can also be found in the Image layout of advertisements,
which we describe in Unit 16.
B: Where?
A: Behind you!
B: Beautifully, thank you.
| References | |
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Leech,
Geoffrey N. (1966) English in Advertising: A Linguistic Study of
Advertising in Great Britain. London, Longman |
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