Photo courtesy of Lincoln Park Zoo
Anseriform birds are the most common reservoirs.
[VECTOR]
Photo courtesy of www.yamagiku.co.jp
Crustaceans, mostly snails, serve as the intermediate host and spread the infection by releasing the developed cercariae into water.
[AGENT]
Photo courtesy of www.yamagiku.co.jp
Schistosoma, ornithobilharzia, gigantobilharzia, austrobilharzia, trichobilharzia, and orientobilharzia are some of the over 20 species of flukes worldwide that have been implicated in this disease.
Genus |
Location |
Intermediate Host |
Final Host |
Schistosomatinae |
|||
Heterobilharzia |
North America |
Mammals |
|
Orientbilharzia |
Asia |
Mammals |
|
Schistosoma |
Worldwide |
Mammals |
|
Schistosomatium |
North America |
Rodents |
|
Austrobilharzia |
Worldwide |
Birds |
|
Bilharzienllinae |
|||
Bilharziella |
Northern Hemisphere |
Birds |
|
Trichobilharzia |
Worldwide |
Birds |
|
Gigantobilharziinae |
|||
Gigantobilharzia |
Worldwide |
Birds |