Echinostomiasis
“Garrison’s fluke infection”
(Photograph by S.J. Upton)
Phylum:
Platyhelminthes
Class:
Trematoda
Order:
Echinostomatida
Family:
Echinostomatidae
Genus: Echinostoma
Human echinostomiasis is caused by digenetic trematodes of
the genus Echinostoma (“echino” = spiny; “stoma” = mouth). Garrison first discovered this food-borne,
intestinal, zoonotic, snail-mediated parasitosis in 1907 in Manila (Go, 2003). Many echinostome trematodes are found in the
intestines of birds and mammals throughout the world. At least 16 different species of this intestinal fluke is
attributed to human cases of echinostomiasis with E. ilocanum as the
most common cause of human echinostomiasis.
In humans, it is usually seen as a rare intestinal parasite of little
clinical importance except in heavy infections.
-
Some of the species of Echinostoma:
o
E. ilocanum
o
E. malayanum
o
E. revolutum
o
E. hortense
o
E. caproni
o
E. paraensei
o
E. trivolvus
What does the echinostome look
like?
Where
in the world does echinostomiasis occur?
How do
I get it and how do I know if I got it?
How
do you treat and prevent echinostomiasis?
Useful
Web Links
Olympus
Digital Microscope Website
References
Carlo Denegri Foundation, http://www.cdfound.to.it/HTML/eilo1.htm
Carney, WP, 1991. “Echinostomisas—a
snail-borne intestinal trematode zoonosis.” Southeast Asian Journal of
Tropical Medicine and Public Health 22: 206-211.
Eduardo, SL, 1991. “Food-borne
zoonoses in the Philippines.” Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine
and Public Health 22: 16-22.
Go, Chi Hiong U, 2003. “Intestinal flukes.” eMedicine,
http://www.emedicine.com/MED/topic1177.htm
Graczyk, TK and Fried, B, 1998. “Echinostomiasis: a common but
forgotten food-borne disease.” American Journal of Tropical Medicine and
Hygiene 58(4): 501-504.
Graczyk, TK and Fried, B, 1994. “ELISA method for detecting
anti-Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) immunoglobulins in experimentally
infected ICR mice.” Journal of Parasitology Aug 80(4): 544-9.
Kansas State University, http://www.ksu.edu/parasitology/classes/625digene07.html
Kansas State University, http://www.ksu.edu/parasitology/625tutorials/Trematodes03.html
Li, X, 1991. “Food-borne
zoonoses in the People’s Republic of China.”
Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 22:
31-35.
Markell,
Edward K., David T. John, & Wojciech A. Krotoski. Medical Parasitology,
8th ed. W.B. Saunders Co: Philadelphia, 1999.
Ohio State University, http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~parasite/echinostoma.html
Olympus Digital Microscope Website, http://www.mic-d.com/gallery/darkfield/echinostomarevolutum2.html