Query 3: How do we make a 3D BIM; what content does a BIM convey, and with what value?

Submit as a pdf document. Please see writing guidelines. Please prepare thoughtful, concise responses.

Create one PowerPoint slide for each question, using at least 18 point font. Use the slide header to explain the content of each slide, based on the question in the query. As necessary, use the Notes section of slides for explanatory detail.

Notes:

• This is an group assignment. Create a new team with 2 - 3 fellow students most of whom are new partners for you in this class.
• All the software you need is on each of the CIFE lab computers.
• Each team will have the opportunity to make 5 minute presentations.

Background:

Your task is to specify requirements for a template design for a home that will be flexible in the sense that groups of them could be built in different configurations. Design the modules to be modular in that one unit could be delivered and built as a single unit detached building; about 10 to 25 units could be built as a multi-unit project for about 100 people, or high rise could accommodate hundreds of people.

As goals your template design will address, please include:

• comfort for small groups of occupants, with total occupiable space in a single unit for 2 occupants in the range 500 - 1000 ft-2;
• sustainable access to civic amenities including employment, stores and schools;
• resource use for construction including wood, steel, concrete that would be required for occupancy by a million people;
• resource use for 100 years of occupancy including energy, water and land that would be required for occupancy by a million people under three different assumptions: single unit detached architecture, multi-unit low rise and high rise structures.
• resilience in the sense that the project can have high value occupancy for one hundred years with only normal maintenance and upgrades, even after whatever earthquakes, winds, droughts and floods and spikes in energy costs that might reasonably be likely to occur in this time period.

Architectural program

1. (1 point) Show a brief description or "architectural program" of the broad goals and specific objectives of three related projects to build enough examples of your template design to provide housing for a million people. That is, projects would build an appropriate number of individual standalone structures, multi-unit low rises with capacity for about a hundred, or high rises.

Models

2. (0 points) Show very simple annotated hand sketches of your single standalone unit, multi-unit and high-rise project designs.
3. (2 points) Show images of, compare and contrast and briefly comment on strengths and limits of a BIM for these three building concepts.
4. (1 point) Show a Level-B POP model for the single unit template design, based on your interpretation of your architectural program and some simple assumptions about the organization and process to design and build enough units for occupancy by a million people. Comment on how the goals and functions and predicted behaviors of your POP model relate to your project comfort, access, resource use and resilience goals.
5. (1 point) Show an annotated screen capture of the BIM of the single-unit design to show the physical components listed in the corresponding B-level POP model.

Analyses

6. (2 points) Analyze behaviors and set a target value and qualitative threshold values for at least two objectives that are important to you. As we discussed in Project Definition, the target value process plots the value for the project as a dependent variable against a range of values of an independent variable, such as project budget, construction schedule or energy performance. Specifically, show the:
   • Graphs of your behavior against your assessment of client value that you annotate to show target value and the areas that represent 0, 1 etc. goodness of each behavior of interest. Vary the range of the independent variable values by at least a factor of two. Notice that the threshold and target behavior values are independent variables that the project team can set.
   • POP model Analyses sheet and annotate it to highlight the A, B, C, D qualitative threshold values for the behaviors that you analyzed, i.e., highlight two columns in the spreadsheet.
   • Equations that assign Assessed value of 0, 1, etc., which you define as the value of the Assessed Behavior value cells of the behavior variables of interest in the POPV1 or POPV2 sheet. The values will look something like "=IF(G39<I39,0,IF(AND(G39>=I39,G39<J39),1,2))."
7. (1 point) Present and briefly discuss your interpretation of at least two quantitative predictions made directly from a BIM, e.g., QTO and rentable space.
8. (1 point) Present and briefly discuss your interpretation of a BEES analysis that relates to the materials or methods of a project design.
9. (1 point) Estimate the embodied "carbon footprint" of the buildings that enable occupancy by a million people. Assume that steel weighs 490 lbs/ft-3, glass 160 lbs/ft-3, concrete 100 lbs/ft-3 and wood 25 lbs/ft-3. Further, assume that manufacturing produces two pounds of CO2 per pound of steel; 0.3 pounds CO2 per pound of glass; and 100 pounds CO2 per pound of concrete: simplistic but useful assumptions. Try to do a carbon footprint analysis in BEES and comment on any similarities and differences in believability between the extremely simple hand and the BEES estimates.
   • Comments: The carbon footprint is a measure of the total amount of carbon dioxide emissions that is directly and indirectly caused by an activity or is accumulated over the life stages of a product. For simplicity, this question makes a simplistic assumption about construction carbon impact and ignores lifecycle impact from energy use over time.
10. (1 point) For standalone, multi-unit and highrise types of buildings, estimate the total land area to accommodate a million people making simple, explicit assumptions about the space between buildings of each type. Make the estimates a little generous so that the "green space" could be distributed between actual green space, roads and amenities such as stores and schools.

Evaluation

11. (2 points) Show three related MACDADI analyses that explicitly show your project objectives and objective weighting criteria of the single unit, multi unit and high rise design options when enough units of each are built to accommodate a million people. Please assure that your assessment of the goodness of the predictions (Analyses questions) appear in the MACDADI analysis. Comment on
    • Your evaluation of the overall MACDADI "goodness" of your project designs. Methodologically, you can keep the function and form elements of your POP model the same for these three cases and (possibly) adjust the predicted values in each of the three scenarios.
    • Believability of the predictions represented in the MACADI analyses;
    • Your (brief) reflections and tentative conclusions about how to design for sustainability, considering the observed impacts of different parameters on sustainability for the single unit detached vs medium vs. large capacity projects.

Reflections

12. (1 point) ORID analysis - briefly summarize the week:

• Objectives: What facts did you see, hear?
• Reflective Positive: What surprised or encouraged you positively?
• Reflective Negative: What surprised or encouraged you negatively?
• Interpretive: What patterns and insights did you get;  what are some  limits of what you saw?
• Decisional: Identify  your next steps

Last revised: 31 January 2012